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2026, Vol: 10, Issue: 6
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Review Article
Online Published: 04 May 2026
 


Therapeutic impact of brain stimulation on motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Albaraa Musallam Sufyani, Ali Hasan Al-saffar, Yara Khaled Alghamdi, Emtenan Eid Alshalahi, Layan Ali Aldeaiji, Reem Zaki Alawaji, Mohammed Talal Musslem, Yousef Talal Rajikhan, Khalid Mohammed Alsulaim, Mohammed Alqwaifly.


Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) significantly impacts motor and non-motor functions, necessitating innovative therapies beyond medication. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) showed promise in improving motor symptoms and quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate their efficacy, safety, and comparative benefits to inform personalized, evidence-based PD treatment strategies. This systematic review and meta-analysis followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases was conducted. Data on motor/non-motor outcomes, quality of life, and complications were extracted. Random-effects models assessed pooled effect sizes, heterogeneity, and publication bias. A total of 33 studies were included. DBS significantly improved motor symptoms based on Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III (UPDRS III) (MD = −10.6550, p < 0.0001), particularly with caudal zona incerta (cZi) and globus pallidus internus targets, while subthalamic nucleus (STN) also showed robust results. Improvements in activities of daily living based on UPDRS part II were noted but not significant. Non-motor symptoms based on UPDRS part I and axial signs showed minimal improvement. Adverse events occurred in 26.37% of cases. DBS significantly improved motor symptoms in PD, while effects on non-motor symptoms remained limited. Careful patient selection and long-term follow-up are essential.

Key words: Parkinson's disease, deep brain stimulation, motor symptoms, non-motor symptoms, quality of life, meta-analysis


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Sufyani AM, Al-saffar AH, Alghamdi YK, Alshalahi EE, Aldeaiji LA, Alawaji RZ, Musslem MT, Rajikhan YT, Alsulaim KM, Alqwaifly M. Therapeutic impact of brain stimulation on motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. IJMDC. 2026; 10(6): 1668-1686. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1772462782

Web Style

Sufyani AM, Al-saffar AH, Alghamdi YK, Alshalahi EE, Aldeaiji LA, Alawaji RZ, Musslem MT, Rajikhan YT, Alsulaim KM, Alqwaifly M. Therapeutic impact of brain stimulation on motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=312403 [Access: June 28, 2026]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1772462782

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Sufyani AM, Al-saffar AH, Alghamdi YK, Alshalahi EE, Aldeaiji LA, Alawaji RZ, Musslem MT, Rajikhan YT, Alsulaim KM, Alqwaifly M. Therapeutic impact of brain stimulation on motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. IJMDC. 2026; 10(6): 1668-1686. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1772462782


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Sufyani AM, Al-saffar AH, Alghamdi YK, Alshalahi EE, Aldeaiji LA, Alawaji RZ, Musslem MT, Rajikhan YT, Alsulaim KM, Alqwaifly M. Therapeutic impact of brain stimulation on motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. IJMDC. (2026), [cited June 28, 2026]; 10(6): 1668-1686. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1772462782


Harvard Style

Sufyani, A. M., Al-saffar, . A. H., Alghamdi, . Y. K., Alshalahi, . E. E., Aldeaiji, . L. A., Alawaji, . R. Z., Musslem, . M. T., Rajikhan, . Y. T., Alsulaim, . K. M. & Alqwaifly, . M. (2026) Therapeutic impact of brain stimulation on motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. IJMDC, 10 (6), 1668-1686. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1772462782


Turabian Style

Sufyani, Albaraa Musallam, Ali Hasan Al-saffar, Yara Khaled Alghamdi, Emtenan Eid Alshalahi, Layan Ali Aldeaiji, Reem Zaki Alawaji, Mohammed Talal Musslem, Yousef Talal Rajikhan, Khalid Mohammed Alsulaim, and Mohammed Alqwaifly. 2026. Therapeutic impact of brain stimulation on motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 10 (6), 1668-1686. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1772462782


Chicago Style

Sufyani, Albaraa Musallam, Ali Hasan Al-saffar, Yara Khaled Alghamdi, Emtenan Eid Alshalahi, Layan Ali Aldeaiji, Reem Zaki Alawaji, Mohammed Talal Musslem, Yousef Talal Rajikhan, Khalid Mohammed Alsulaim, and Mohammed Alqwaifly. "Therapeutic impact of brain stimulation on motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 10 (2026), 1668-1686. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1772462782


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Sufyani, Albaraa Musallam, Ali Hasan Al-saffar, Yara Khaled Alghamdi, Emtenan Eid Alshalahi, Layan Ali Aldeaiji, Reem Zaki Alawaji, Mohammed Talal Musslem, Yousef Talal Rajikhan, Khalid Mohammed Alsulaim, and Mohammed Alqwaifly. "Therapeutic impact of brain stimulation on motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 10.6 (2026), 1668-1686. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1772462782


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Sufyani, A. M., Al-saffar, . A. H., Alghamdi, . Y. K., Alshalahi, . E. E., Aldeaiji, . L. A., Alawaji, . R. Z., Musslem, . M. T., Rajikhan, . Y. T., Alsulaim, . K. M. & Alqwaifly, . M. (2026) Therapeutic impact of brain stimulation on motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 10 (6), 1668-1686. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1772462782




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