E-ISSN 1658-7820
 

Review Article 


Antibiotic Resistance Crisis

Nuha Saad Mobarki, Buthaina Abdullah Almerabi, Ahmad Hattan Hattan.

Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a universal public health problem affecting the benefit of antibiotics. Antibiotic use, inappropriate dosage, and genetics led to the spread of multidrug resistance among pathogenic bacteria, and it became hard to treat infections. Here, we reviewed recent updates of antimicrobial resistance in the period from 2004 to 2019. Scientific websites were used to search for articles related to our subject such as PubMed and Google scholar using several keywords including AMR, Antibiotic abuse; Antibiotic resistance; crisis; bacterial infection. We obtained 55 articles, 45 of them included and they were published between the years 2004 and 2019, whereas those who excluded were not focusing on our aim. Antibiotic resistance crisis is widespread and still increasing, due to continuous abuse of antibiotics and deficiency of new antibiotic industry. The multifaceted plane is required to control antibiotic resistance crisis. Educational programs and awareness campaigns are required. Research, explanations, and solutions should be implanted. Screening and diagnostic tools of antibiotic resistance should be improved and globally applied. Overall, AMR is not uncontrollable anymore. Antibiotics alternatives as probiotics and lytic bacteriophages can participate in decreasing AMR worldwide.

Key words: AMR, antibiotic abuse, antibiotic resistance, crisis, bacterial infection.


 
ARTICLE TOOLS
Abstract
PDF Fulltext
How to cite this articleHow to cite this article
Citation Tools
Related Records
 Articles by Nuha Saad Mobarki
Articles by Buthaina Abdullah Almerabi
Articles by Ahmad Hattan Hattan
on Google
on Google Scholar


How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Mobarki NS, Almerabi BA, Hattan AH. Antibiotic Resistance Crisis. IJMDC. 2019; 3(6): 561-564. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1549060699


Web Style

Mobarki NS, Almerabi BA, Hattan AH. Antibiotic Resistance Crisis. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=29239 [Access: October 02, 2023]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1549060699


AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Mobarki NS, Almerabi BA, Hattan AH. Antibiotic Resistance Crisis. IJMDC. 2019; 3(6): 561-564. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1549060699



Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Mobarki NS, Almerabi BA, Hattan AH. Antibiotic Resistance Crisis. IJMDC. (2019), [cited October 02, 2023]; 3(6): 561-564. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1549060699



Harvard Style

Mobarki, N. S., Almerabi, . B. A. & Hattan, . A. H. (2019) Antibiotic Resistance Crisis. IJMDC, 3 (6), 561-564. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1549060699



Turabian Style

Mobarki, Nuha Saad, Buthaina Abdullah Almerabi, and Ahmad Hattan Hattan. 2019. Antibiotic Resistance Crisis. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 3 (6), 561-564. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1549060699



Chicago Style

Mobarki, Nuha Saad, Buthaina Abdullah Almerabi, and Ahmad Hattan Hattan. "Antibiotic Resistance Crisis." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 3 (2019), 561-564. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1549060699



MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Mobarki, Nuha Saad, Buthaina Abdullah Almerabi, and Ahmad Hattan Hattan. "Antibiotic Resistance Crisis." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 3.6 (2019), 561-564. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1549060699



APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Mobarki, N. S., Almerabi, . B. A. & Hattan, . A. H. (2019) Antibiotic Resistance Crisis. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 3 (6), 561-564. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1549060699





Most Viewed Articles
  • Marginal adaptation of fixed prosthodontics
    Shahad Mohammed Halawani, Sahar Amer Al-Harbi
    IJMDC. 2017; 1(2): 78-84
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.1.2.7

  • Parasites in central nervous system
    Amal Ahmed Mohamed, Asmaa Mohamed Mansour
    IJMDC. 2017; 1(2): 72-77
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.1.2.6

  • Non-diabetic retinopathy: a case report
    Hassan F. Alkwikbi, Nabil Mamon Abdelfattah, Haithem Mamon Abdelfattah
    IJMDC. 2017; 1(1): 33-37
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.1.1.6

  • Vitamin D deficiency among high school female students in Riyadh
    Sahar Mohsen Aldhafeeri, Fatemah Ibraheem Alrawaji, Abrar Mubarak Algharbi, Alanoud Abdullah Alhessan, Ayat Sami Qabaja, Ghaleah Abdulaziz Alnassar, Ghaliah Ofayn Alsulami, Mashael Belal Alrubaian, Norah Abdulaziz Alhatim, Salehah Salih Alotaibi, Zahra Ali Alkhamees
    IJMDC. 2017; 1(1): 18-23
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.1.1.4

  • Prognosis of chronic complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) after multiple events of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
    Baraa Faiez Rajab, Anwar Essa Alamrim, Ali Essa Alamri
    IJMDC. 2019; 3(5): 474-479
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1546551993

  • Most Downloaded
  • Anti-IL-17 markedly inhibited the in vitro granuloma induced by Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigen.
    Asmaa Ezz, Irene S. Gmail, Fatma Elzahraa H. Salem, Rabab Salama, Soad Nady
    IJMDC. 2018; 2(January 2018): 38-46
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.2.1.7

  • Vitamin D deficiency among high school female students in Riyadh
    Sahar Mohsen Aldhafeeri, Fatemah Ibraheem Alrawaji, Abrar Mubarak Algharbi, Alanoud Abdullah Alhessan, Ayat Sami Qabaja, Ghaleah Abdulaziz Alnassar, Ghaliah Ofayn Alsulami, Mashael Belal Alrubaian, Norah Abdulaziz Alhatim, Salehah Salih Alotaibi, Zahra Ali Alkhamees
    IJMDC. 2017; 1(1): 18-23
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.1.1.4

  • Antibiotic Resistance Crisis
    Nuha Saad Mobarki, Buthaina Abdullah Almerabi, Ahmad Hattan Hattan
    IJMDC. 2019; 3(6): 561-564
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1549060699

  • The knowledge of mothers about children malnutrition and associated factors
    Anas Abdulrahman Aljohani, Mujahid Abdulrahman Aljohani
    IJMDC. 2020; 4(1): 7-11
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1541620358

  • Knowledge and attitude of caregivers of cerebral palsy children in Riyadh city
    Abdulaziz Alruwaished, Baleegh Ali, Lubna Abdullah Alhowaimil , Abaraa adullah Alhowaimil, Najd Abdullah Alhowaimil, Aminah Alessa
    IJMDC. 2020; 4(1): 12-17
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1547833051

  • Most Cited Articles