Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a universal public health problem affecting the benefit of antibiotics. Antibiotic use, inappropriate dosage, and genetics led to the spread of multidrug resistance among pathogenic bacteria, and it became hard to treat infections. Here, we reviewed recent updates of antimicrobial resistance in the period from 2004 to 2019. Scientific websites were used to search for articles related to our subject such as PubMed and Google scholar using several keywords including AMR, Antibiotic abuse; Antibiotic resistance; crisis; bacterial infection. We obtained 55 articles, 45 of them included and they were published between the years 2004 and 2019, whereas those who excluded were not focusing on our aim. Antibiotic resistance crisis is widespread and still increasing, due to continuous abuse of antibiotics and deficiency of new antibiotic industry. The multifaceted plane is required to control antibiotic resistance crisis. Educational programs and awareness campaigns are required. Research, explanations, and solutions should be implanted. Screening and diagnostic tools of antibiotic resistance should be improved and globally applied. Overall, AMR is not uncontrollable anymore. Antibiotics alternatives as probiotics and lytic bacteriophages can participate in decreasing AMR worldwide.

Key words: AMR, antibiotic abuse, antibiotic resistance, crisis, bacterial infection.