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Review Article
Online Published: 22 Nov 2025
 


Enhancing neurosurgical training with augmented reality: a systematic review of controlled trials in brain tumor resection

Hosam Hadi Awaji, Saud Saeed N Alasmari, Joudi Ahmed A Bin Eid, Abdulrahman Adeeb A Aldamegh, Shahad Essa F Aldoosry, Durrah Mohammed A Alrashed, Abdallah Ali M Alahamry, Abdulelah Mohammed Sinan, Bushra Suliman F Albalawi, Abdullah Omar Alammari.


Abstract
Simulation-based training using virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) technologies is increasingly utilized in neurosurgical education, particularly for complex tasks like brain tumor resections. However, the overall effectiveness of these technologies remains to be systematically evaluated. To assess the impact of VR/AR/MR simulation on neurosurgical performance, skill acquisition, and participant satisfaction in brain tumor resection training. A total of six studies were included in this review, with a total of 246 participants, comprising neurosurgery residents, junior neurosurgeons, and medical students. Studies employed VR, AR, or MR simulations for brain tumor resection training and evaluated performance outcomes, skill acquisition, and satisfaction. Risk of bias was assessed using established criteria. Simulation-based training consistently improved surgical performance. The PASSION study demonstrated significantly better tumor resection skills after VR training (p<0.0001). Similar improvements were reported with higher Global Rating Scale scores (p<0.001) and reduced tissue trauma. It was found that VR training combined with transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) enhanced tumor resection volume and efficiency, with sustained benefits at six weeks (p-value=0.029). The study reported improved accuracy and reduced tissue damage using dynamic motion scaling. Participant satisfaction was high across studies, indicating strong acceptance of simulation-based methods. These technologies represent a promising adjunct to traditional surgical education. Future studies should aim for standardized outcome reporting, longer follow-up periods, and improved methodological rigor.

Key words: Neurosurgical training, Brain tumor resection, Virtual reality, Augmented reality, Mixed reality.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Awaji HH, Alasmari SSN, Eid JAAB, Aldamegh AAA, Aldoosry SEF, Alrashed DMA, Alahamry AAM, Sinan AM, Albalawi BSF, Alammari AO. Enhancing neurosurgical training with augmented reality: a systematic review of controlled trials in brain tumor resection. IJMDC. 2025; 9(10): 2567-2576. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1760812607

Web Style

Awaji HH, Alasmari SSN, Eid JAAB, Aldamegh AAA, Aldoosry SEF, Alrashed DMA, Alahamry AAM, Sinan AM, Albalawi BSF, Alammari AO. Enhancing neurosurgical training with augmented reality: a systematic review of controlled trials in brain tumor resection. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=291216 [Access: December 09, 2025]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1760812607

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Awaji HH, Alasmari SSN, Eid JAAB, Aldamegh AAA, Aldoosry SEF, Alrashed DMA, Alahamry AAM, Sinan AM, Albalawi BSF, Alammari AO. Enhancing neurosurgical training with augmented reality: a systematic review of controlled trials in brain tumor resection. IJMDC. 2025; 9(10): 2567-2576. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1760812607


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Awaji HH, Alasmari SSN, Eid JAAB, Aldamegh AAA, Aldoosry SEF, Alrashed DMA, Alahamry AAM, Sinan AM, Albalawi BSF, Alammari AO. Enhancing neurosurgical training with augmented reality: a systematic review of controlled trials in brain tumor resection. IJMDC. (2025), [cited December 09, 2025]; 9(10): 2567-2576. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1760812607


Harvard Style

Awaji, H. H., Alasmari, . S. S. N., Eid, . J. A. A. B., Aldamegh, . A. A. A., Aldoosry, . S. E. F., Alrashed, . D. M. A., Alahamry, . A. A. M., Sinan, . A. M., Albalawi, . B. S. F. & Alammari, . A. O. (2025) Enhancing neurosurgical training with augmented reality: a systematic review of controlled trials in brain tumor resection. IJMDC, 9 (10), 2567-2576. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1760812607


Turabian Style

Awaji, Hosam Hadi, Saud Saeed N Alasmari, Joudi Ahmed A Bin Eid, Abdulrahman Adeeb A Aldamegh, Shahad Essa F Aldoosry, Durrah Mohammed A Alrashed, Abdallah Ali M Alahamry, Abdulelah Mohammed Sinan, Bushra Suliman F Albalawi, and Abdullah Omar Alammari. 2025. Enhancing neurosurgical training with augmented reality: a systematic review of controlled trials in brain tumor resection. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 9 (10), 2567-2576. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1760812607


Chicago Style

Awaji, Hosam Hadi, Saud Saeed N Alasmari, Joudi Ahmed A Bin Eid, Abdulrahman Adeeb A Aldamegh, Shahad Essa F Aldoosry, Durrah Mohammed A Alrashed, Abdallah Ali M Alahamry, Abdulelah Mohammed Sinan, Bushra Suliman F Albalawi, and Abdullah Omar Alammari. "Enhancing neurosurgical training with augmented reality: a systematic review of controlled trials in brain tumor resection." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 9 (2025), 2567-2576. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1760812607


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Awaji, Hosam Hadi, Saud Saeed N Alasmari, Joudi Ahmed A Bin Eid, Abdulrahman Adeeb A Aldamegh, Shahad Essa F Aldoosry, Durrah Mohammed A Alrashed, Abdallah Ali M Alahamry, Abdulelah Mohammed Sinan, Bushra Suliman F Albalawi, and Abdullah Omar Alammari. "Enhancing neurosurgical training with augmented reality: a systematic review of controlled trials in brain tumor resection." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 9.10 (2025), 2567-2576. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1760812607


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Awaji, H. H., Alasmari, . S. S. N., Eid, . J. A. A. B., Aldamegh, . A. A. A., Aldoosry, . S. E. F., Alrashed, . D. M. A., Alahamry, . A. A. M., Sinan, . A. M., Albalawi, . B. S. F. & Alammari, . A. O. (2025) Enhancing neurosurgical training with augmented reality: a systematic review of controlled trials in brain tumor resection. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 9 (10), 2567-2576. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1760812607




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