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Original Article
Online Published: 29 Dec 2025
 


Knowledge and risk factors of intertrigo in pilgrims among health volunteers participating in Al-Hajj 2024 in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Haneen Rawas, Renad Althobaiti, Yara Alorfi, Haneen Aljumayi, Deema Makkawi, Shouq Aldadi, Dareen Bajamaan, Ghadeer Almasabi, Ahmed Zahr Allayali.


Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge regarding intertrigo among health specialist volunteers participating in the 2024 Hajj pilgrimage in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, to identify the sociodemographic factors associated with variations in knowledge, and to determine the awareness of risk factors.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, from October 2024 to January 2025 through an online questionnaire that was distributed to 400 health specialist volunteers.
Results: Among the 386 participants, the mean knowledge score regarding intertrigo was 12.36 ± 3.69 out of a total of 23. Knowledge classification showed that 40.7% of participants had a good level of knowledge, while 59.3% demonstrated poor knowledge. The prevalence of good knowledge was significantly higher among male participants (51.6% compared to 48.4% for females, p<0.001), single individuals (82.2% compared to 20.5% for married and 1.3% for divorced individuals, p-value=0.024), and those with a monthly family income of less than 4,000 Saudi riyals (35.7% compared to 21% for higher income groups, p-value=0.012). Participants showed better understanding of specific risk factors for intertrigo, including obesity (58.8%), poor personal hygiene (87.3%), tight-fitting synthetic clothing (56%), and diabetes (56.2%).
Conclusion: This study revealed a significant knowledge gap regarding intertrigo among health specialist volunteers participating in the 2024 Hajj pilgrimage. Educational interventions and awareness campaigns should be implemented to improve their understanding of this condition and its risk factors, which can help in the prevention and management of intertrigo during the Hajj.

Key words: Knowledge, risk factors, intertrigo, pilgrims, health volunteers, Saudi Arabia.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Rawas H, Althobaiti R, Alorfi Y, Aljumayi H, Makkawi D, Aldadi S, Bajamaan D, Almasabi G, Allayali AZ. Knowledge and risk factors of intertrigo in pilgrims among health volunteers participating in Al-Hajj 2024 in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. 2025; 9(12): 3018-3026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1754572901

Web Style

Rawas H, Althobaiti R, Alorfi Y, Aljumayi H, Makkawi D, Aldadi S, Bajamaan D, Almasabi G, Allayali AZ. Knowledge and risk factors of intertrigo in pilgrims among health volunteers participating in Al-Hajj 2024 in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=275998 [Access: January 16, 2026]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1754572901

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Rawas H, Althobaiti R, Alorfi Y, Aljumayi H, Makkawi D, Aldadi S, Bajamaan D, Almasabi G, Allayali AZ. Knowledge and risk factors of intertrigo in pilgrims among health volunteers participating in Al-Hajj 2024 in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. 2025; 9(12): 3018-3026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1754572901


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Rawas H, Althobaiti R, Alorfi Y, Aljumayi H, Makkawi D, Aldadi S, Bajamaan D, Almasabi G, Allayali AZ. Knowledge and risk factors of intertrigo in pilgrims among health volunteers participating in Al-Hajj 2024 in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. (2025), [cited January 16, 2026]; 9(12): 3018-3026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1754572901


Harvard Style

Rawas, H., Althobaiti, . R., Alorfi, . Y., Aljumayi, . H., Makkawi, . D., Aldadi, . S., Bajamaan, . D., Almasabi, . G. & Allayali, . A. Z. (2025) Knowledge and risk factors of intertrigo in pilgrims among health volunteers participating in Al-Hajj 2024 in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC, 9 (12), 3018-3026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1754572901


Turabian Style

Rawas, Haneen, Renad Althobaiti, Yara Alorfi, Haneen Aljumayi, Deema Makkawi, Shouq Aldadi, Dareen Bajamaan, Ghadeer Almasabi, and Ahmed Zahr Allayali. 2025. Knowledge and risk factors of intertrigo in pilgrims among health volunteers participating in Al-Hajj 2024 in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 9 (12), 3018-3026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1754572901


Chicago Style

Rawas, Haneen, Renad Althobaiti, Yara Alorfi, Haneen Aljumayi, Deema Makkawi, Shouq Aldadi, Dareen Bajamaan, Ghadeer Almasabi, and Ahmed Zahr Allayali. "Knowledge and risk factors of intertrigo in pilgrims among health volunteers participating in Al-Hajj 2024 in Makkah, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 9 (2025), 3018-3026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1754572901


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Rawas, Haneen, Renad Althobaiti, Yara Alorfi, Haneen Aljumayi, Deema Makkawi, Shouq Aldadi, Dareen Bajamaan, Ghadeer Almasabi, and Ahmed Zahr Allayali. "Knowledge and risk factors of intertrigo in pilgrims among health volunteers participating in Al-Hajj 2024 in Makkah, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 9.12 (2025), 3018-3026. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1754572901


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Rawas, H., Althobaiti, . R., Alorfi, . Y., Aljumayi, . H., Makkawi, . D., Aldadi, . S., Bajamaan, . D., Almasabi, . G. & Allayali, . A. Z. (2025) Knowledge and risk factors of intertrigo in pilgrims among health volunteers participating in Al-Hajj 2024 in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 9 (12), 3018-3026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1754572901




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