Investigating gaps in the perception and management of pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis among caregivers in southern Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

Basel Hassan Alasmari; Hussein Alshahrani; Hassan Alasmari; Ali Alasmari; Shahad Aldawsari; Amal Tami; Hassan Alshahrani; Abdulrahman Alshmrani; Faisal Alshahrani; Mohammed Alkhalifa; Magaji Garba Taura

doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1751804416

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Original Article
Online Published: 31 Dec 2025

IJMDC. 2025; 9(12): 3010-3017

doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1751804416

Investigating gaps in the perceptio and management of pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis among caregivers in southern Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

Basel H. Alasmari, Hussein S. Alshahrani, Hassan N. Alasmari, Ali M. Alasmari, Shahad E. Aldawsari, Amal I. Tami, Hassan S. Alshahrani, Abdulrahman M. Alshmrani, Faisal M. Alshahrani, Mohammed E. Alkhalifa, Magaji G. Taura.

Abstract
Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the most prevalent acute hyperglycemic emergency among patients with diabetesics. Early diagnosis and care are critical to improving patient outcomes. This study aimeds to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice towards DKA and its Mmanagement in Ppediatrics among caregivers in Bisha and Muhail Aseer.
Methods: This An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Bisha governorate and Muhail Aseer of Saudi Arabia, among a sample of 99 caregivers of pediatric diabetic patients with diabetes. Data were was collected through an anonymous online survey addressing the sociodemographic information, and awareness level towards DKA. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software,. with Ccategorical variables were expressed as percentages and frequencies and numerical data presented as means and standard deviations. The cChi-square test was used for assessing correlations, with a a statistically significant P-value less than <0.05 indicating significance.
Results: A total of 99 participants were enrolledincluded in this study. Approximately According to data half of caregivers (49.5% of the caregivers ) reported that their patients children had a history of DKA before. Investigating causes of DKA revealed that Insulin deficiency due to missed doses and high blood sugar resulting from due to irregular eating and exercise were identified as DKA causes, with an equally accounting for percent (38.4% of the caseseach). Overall, (40.4%) of the participants had a good knowledge regarding DKA, and . A vast majority (94.9%) acknowledged that DKA being is a serious complication of diabetes. Moreover , Majority of caregivers (79.2%) had a good attitude towards DKA. The mParticipants practice towards DKA were investigated, majority of the caregivers reported adherence to good practices of administering insulin, such as administering the prescribed dose as directed by the healthcare provider (82.5%), administering insulin at the appropriate times (85.6%), and changing injection sites to avoid fat tissue hypertrophy (77.8%).
Conclusion: The study revealed that Ccaregivers in Bisha and Muhail Aseer generally demonstrated a good level of knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding diabetes management. However, certain gaps were identified, particularly especially in areas such as dietary adherence. Additionally, tThe findings also highlight a significant association between female caregivers and more positive attitudes and , as well as between parental caregivers and better practical management.

Key words: Awareness, Diabetes, Caregivers, Pediatrics, Bisha, Saudi Arabia.

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Pubmed Style

Alasmari BH, Alshahrani HS, Alasmari HN, Alasmari AM, Aldawsari SE, Tami AI, Alshahrani HS, Alshmrani AM, Alshahrani FM, Alkhalifa ME, Taura MG. Investigating gaps in the perceptio and management of pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis among caregivers in southern Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC. 2025; 9(12): 3010-3017. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1751804416

Web Style

Alasmari BH, Alshahrani HS, Alasmari HN, Alasmari AM, Aldawsari SE, Tami AI, Alshahrani HS, Alshmrani AM, Alshahrani FM, Alkhalifa ME, Taura MG. Investigating gaps in the perceptio and management of pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis among caregivers in southern Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=269324 [Access: January 16, 2026]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1751804416

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Alasmari BH, Alshahrani HS, Alasmari HN, Alasmari AM, Aldawsari SE, Tami AI, Alshahrani HS, Alshmrani AM, Alshahrani FM, Alkhalifa ME, Taura MG. Investigating gaps in the perceptio and management of pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis among caregivers in southern Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC. 2025; 9(12): 3010-3017. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1751804416

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Alasmari BH, Alshahrani HS, Alasmari HN, Alasmari AM, Aldawsari SE, Tami AI, Alshahrani HS, Alshmrani AM, Alshahrani FM, Alkhalifa ME, Taura MG. Investigating gaps in the perceptio and management of pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis among caregivers in southern Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC. (2025), [cited January 16, 2026]; 9(12): 3010-3017. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1751804416

Harvard Style

Alasmari, B. H., Alshahrani, . H. S., Alasmari, . H. N., Alasmari, . A. M., Aldawsari, . S. E., Tami, . A. I., Alshahrani, . H. S., Alshmrani, . A. M., Alshahrani, . F. M., Alkhalifa, . M. E. & Taura, . M. G. (2025) Investigating gaps in the perceptio and management of pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis among caregivers in southern Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC, 9 (12), 3010-3017. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1751804416

Turabian Style

Alasmari, Basel H., Hussein S. Alshahrani, Hassan N. Alasmari, Ali M. Alasmari, Shahad E. Aldawsari, Amal I. Tami, Hassan S. Alshahrani, Abdulrahman M. Alshmrani, Faisal M. Alshahrani, Mohammed E. Alkhalifa, and Magaji G. Taura. 2025. Investigating gaps in the perceptio and management of pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis among caregivers in southern Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 9 (12), 3010-3017. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1751804416

Chicago Style

Alasmari, Basel H., Hussein S. Alshahrani, Hassan N. Alasmari, Ali M. Alasmari, Shahad E. Aldawsari, Amal I. Tami, Hassan S. Alshahrani, Abdulrahman M. Alshmrani, Faisal M. Alshahrani, Mohammed E. Alkhalifa, and Magaji G. Taura. "Investigating gaps in the perceptio and management of pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis among caregivers in southern Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 9 (2025), 3010-3017. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1751804416

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Alasmari, Basel H., Hussein S. Alshahrani, Hassan N. Alasmari, Ali M. Alasmari, Shahad E. Aldawsari, Amal I. Tami, Hassan S. Alshahrani, Abdulrahman M. Alshmrani, Faisal M. Alshahrani, Mohammed E. Alkhalifa, and Magaji G. Taura. "Investigating gaps in the perceptio and management of pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis among caregivers in southern Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 9.12 (2025), 3010-3017. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1751804416

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Alasmari, B. H., Alshahrani, . H. S., Alasmari, . H. N., Alasmari, . A. M., Aldawsari, . S. E., Tami, . A. I., Alshahrani, . H. S., Alshmrani, . A. M., Alshahrani, . F. M., Alkhalifa, . M. E. & Taura, . M. G. (2025) Investigating gaps in the perceptio and management of pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis among caregivers in southern Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 9 (12), 3010-3017. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1751804416

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