Review Article
IJMDC. 2022; 6(6): 891-894
Ulcerative colitis in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Kamal Hazem A. Salama, Waleed Aljehani.
ABSTRACT
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disease of the large intestine affecting mucosal lining of rectum (proctitis), rectum to splenic flexure (left-sided colitis), or entire colon (pancolitis). Common symptoms include diarrhea, blood in the stool, mucus in the stool, fecal urgency, tenesmus, abdominal pain, and constipation. Biochemical findings may include iron deficiency anemia, increased serum platelets, deficiency of serum albumin, presence of auto-immunoglobulins, and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. Currently, its complete pathophysiology is unclear, however, primary pathological features comprise disturbance in gastrointestinal mucosal barrier, abnormal gut immune responses, and imbalance in gut microbiota. In Saudi Arabia, a rise in incidence and prevalence of UC is observed, however, evidence is limited. Common risk factors include age, gender, race, ethnicity, family history, microbiome profile, medical history, and lifestyle elements. Antibiotics exposure at an early age, long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and using oral contraceptives is associated with increased risk of UC. Management guidelines for the treatment of UC have been provided by the American Gastroenterological Association and the American College of Gastroenterology providing guidelines for therapeutic options and surgery. Development of personalized therapeutics and targeted treatment strategies based on genetic as well as cellular data are recommended as future potentials in the management of UC patients.
Keywords:
Ulcerative colitis, gastrointestinal tract, inflammation
Authors
Kamal Hazem A Salama
Medical Student, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Waleed Aljehani
GS Consultant and Associate Professor, General Surgery Department, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, General Surgery Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Correspondence to:
. Kamal Hazem A. Salama, Medical Student, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.; drkamalsalamah@gmail.com
Publication history
Received 17 Apr 2022
Accepted 24 Apr 2022
Published online 12 May 2022
Published in print 04 Jun 2022
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Salama KHA, Aljehani W. Ulcerative colitis in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. 2022; 6(6): 891-894. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1650154226
Web Style
Salama KHA, Aljehani W. Ulcerative colitis in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=18443 [Access: August 18, 2022]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1650154226
AMA (American Medical Association) Style
Salama KHA, Aljehani W. Ulcerative colitis in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. 2022; 6(6): 891-894. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1650154226
Vancouver/ICMJE Style
Salama KHA, Aljehani W. Ulcerative colitis in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. (2022), [cited August 18, 2022]; 6(6): 891-894. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1650154226
Harvard Style
Salama, K. H. A. & Aljehani, . W. (2022) Ulcerative colitis in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. IJMDC, 6 (6), 891-894. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1650154226
Turabian Style
Salama, Kamal Hazem A., and Waleed Aljehani. 2022. Ulcerative colitis in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 6 (6), 891-894. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1650154226
Chicago Style
Salama, Kamal Hazem A., and Waleed Aljehani. "Ulcerative colitis in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 6 (2022), 891-894. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1650154226
MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style
Salama, Kamal Hazem A., and Waleed Aljehani. "Ulcerative colitis in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 6.6 (2022), 891-894. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1650154226
APA (American Psychological Association) Style
Salama, K. H. A. & Aljehani, . W. (2022) Ulcerative colitis in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 6 (6), 891-894. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1650154226
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