E-ISSN 1658-7820
 

Review Article

Online Publishing Date:
12 / 05 / 2022

 


Ulcerative colitis in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Kamal Hazem A. Salama, Waleed Aljehani.


Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disease of the large intestine affecting mucosal lining of rectum (proctitis), rectum to splenic flexure (left-sided colitis), or entire colon (pancolitis). Common symptoms include diarrhea, blood in the stool, mucus in the stool, fecal urgency, tenesmus, abdominal pain, and constipation. Biochemical findings may include iron deficiency anemia, increased serum platelets, deficiency of serum albumin, presence of auto-immunoglobulins, and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. Currently, its complete pathophysiology is unclear, however, primary pathological features comprise disturbance in gastrointestinal mucosal barrier, abnormal gut immune responses, and imbalance in gut microbiota. In Saudi Arabia, a rise in incidence and prevalence of UC is observed, however, evidence is limited. Common risk factors include age, gender, race, ethnicity, family history, microbiome profile, medical history, and lifestyle elements. Antibiotics exposure at an early age, long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and using oral contraceptives is associated with increased risk of UC. Management guidelines for the treatment of UC have been provided by the American Gastroenterological Association and the American College of Gastroenterology providing guidelines for therapeutic options and surgery. Development of personalized therapeutics and targeted treatment strategies based on genetic as well as cellular data are recommended as future potentials in the management of UC patients.

Key words: Ulcerative colitis, gastrointestinal tract, inflammation


 
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Pubmed Style

Salama KHA, Aljehani W. Ulcerative colitis in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. 2022; 6(6): 891-894. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1650154226


Web Style

Salama KHA, Aljehani W. Ulcerative colitis in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=18443 [Access: March 26, 2024]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1650154226


AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Salama KHA, Aljehani W. Ulcerative colitis in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. 2022; 6(6): 891-894. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1650154226



Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Salama KHA, Aljehani W. Ulcerative colitis in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. (2022), [cited March 26, 2024]; 6(6): 891-894. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1650154226



Harvard Style

Salama, K. H. A. & Aljehani, . W. (2022) Ulcerative colitis in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. IJMDC, 6 (6), 891-894. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1650154226



Turabian Style

Salama, Kamal Hazem A., and Waleed Aljehani. 2022. Ulcerative colitis in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 6 (6), 891-894. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1650154226



Chicago Style

Salama, Kamal Hazem A., and Waleed Aljehani. "Ulcerative colitis in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 6 (2022), 891-894. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1650154226



MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Salama, Kamal Hazem A., and Waleed Aljehani. "Ulcerative colitis in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 6.6 (2022), 891-894. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1650154226



APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Salama, K. H. A. & Aljehani, . W. (2022) Ulcerative colitis in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 6 (6), 891-894. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1650154226





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