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Review Article
Online Published: 09 Jan 2024
 


Urethral Recurrence Post Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma: A Literature review

Ahmed Alhelaly, Saad Abdulaziz Alshathri, Faris A. Alanazi, Yara Almuhanna, Soaad Alamri, Lama Alabduljabbar.


Abstract
Data providing a well-structured plan for early detection and ideal follow-up protocols for urethral recurrence post radical cystectomy for bladder urothelial carcinoma are scattered across articles and have not been emphasized in the core of the literature. This literature review aims to provide an overview of the most recent data concerning all aspects of urethral recurrence after radical cystectomy, with a particular focus on surveillance and ideal follow-up protocols for early detection. Data on patients who had urethral recurrence after radical cystectomy for bladder urothelial carcinoma between 1990 and 2023 were collected and analyzed. Out of 277 studies, 50 were included. Exclusion criteria included patients with primary urethral malignancy, pediatric patients, patients with upper urinary tract involvement, and studies before 1990.Surveillance should be individualized according to each patient's specific risk factors. Patients were classified into low, intermediate, and high-risk groups based on these defined factors. Patients without symptoms and those at low risk should receive regular check-ups without urethral cytology. Intermediate and high-risk patients should have follow-ups every 3-6 months, which include urethral wash cytology, and if the cytology results are positive, urethroscopy is performed. Our study highlights that tailored surveillance is the key to early detection of urethral recurrence post radical cystectomy for bladder urothelial carcinoma, which, in turn, substantially improves prognostic outcomes as well as the quality of life in these patients.

Key words: Urethral, recurrence, radical, cystectomy.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Alhelaly A, Alshathri SA, Alanazi FA, Almuhanna Y, Alamri S, Alabduljabbar L. Urethral Recurrence Post Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma: A Literature review. IJMDC. 2024; 8(2): 887-895. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1702318202

Web Style

Alhelaly A, Alshathri SA, Alanazi FA, Almuhanna Y, Alamri S, Alabduljabbar L. Urethral Recurrence Post Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma: A Literature review. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=180931 [Access: February 07, 2025]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1702318202

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Alhelaly A, Alshathri SA, Alanazi FA, Almuhanna Y, Alamri S, Alabduljabbar L. Urethral Recurrence Post Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma: A Literature review. IJMDC. 2024; 8(2): 887-895. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1702318202


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Alhelaly A, Alshathri SA, Alanazi FA, Almuhanna Y, Alamri S, Alabduljabbar L. Urethral Recurrence Post Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma: A Literature review. IJMDC. (2024), [cited February 07, 2025]; 8(2): 887-895. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1702318202


Harvard Style

Alhelaly, A., Alshathri, . S. A., Alanazi, . F. A., Almuhanna, . Y., Alamri, . S. & Alabduljabbar, . L. (2024) Urethral Recurrence Post Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma: A Literature review. IJMDC, 8 (2), 887-895. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1702318202


Turabian Style

Alhelaly, Ahmed, Saad Abdulaziz Alshathri, Faris A. Alanazi, Yara Almuhanna, Soaad Alamri, and Lama Alabduljabbar. 2024. Urethral Recurrence Post Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma: A Literature review. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 8 (2), 887-895. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1702318202


Chicago Style

Alhelaly, Ahmed, Saad Abdulaziz Alshathri, Faris A. Alanazi, Yara Almuhanna, Soaad Alamri, and Lama Alabduljabbar. "Urethral Recurrence Post Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma: A Literature review." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 8 (2024), 887-895. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1702318202


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Alhelaly, Ahmed, Saad Abdulaziz Alshathri, Faris A. Alanazi, Yara Almuhanna, Soaad Alamri, and Lama Alabduljabbar. "Urethral Recurrence Post Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma: A Literature review." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 8.2 (2024), 887-895. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1702318202


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Alhelaly, A., Alshathri, . S. A., Alanazi, . F. A., Almuhanna, . Y., Alamri, . S. & Alabduljabbar, . L. (2024) Urethral Recurrence Post Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma: A Literature review. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 8 (2), 887-895. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1702318202




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