Prevalence and Risk Factors of Allergic Rhinitis; A systematic Review

Tariq Mohamed Shaqran; Hessah Mohammed Aldawd; Ayesh Awn Alwahabi; Ali Ibrahim Ali; Hussain Khalid Shaykhayn; Suha Hassan Hazmi; Amjaad Ahmed Alzahrani; Ghadah Abdullah AlHarbi; Rahaf Abdulrahman Alrayes; Shahad Saad Aljoaid

doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1701620959

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Review Article
Online Published: 29 Dec 2023

IJMDC. 2024; 8(2): 855-864

doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1701620959

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Allergic Rhinitis; A systematic Review

Tariq Mohamed Shaqran, Hessah Mohammed Aldawd, Ayesh Awn Alwahabi, Ali Ibrahim Ali, Hussain Khalid Shaykhayn, Suha Hassan Hazmi, Amjaad Ahmed Alzahrani, Ghadah Abdullah AlHarbi, Rahaf Abdulrahman Alrayes, Shahad Saad Aljoaid.

Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR), an immunoglobulin E-induced nasal infection, significantly impacts nasal mucosa function and quality of life. Its incidence has risen globally, showing variations across income categories. This systematic study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of AR. Data were sourced from PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Embase, following PRISMA guidelines. English-language articles (2010–2023) discussing AR prevalence and risk factors were included. A total of 15 articles were reviewed, with surveys and national database analyses being predominant (n=15). The search initially yielded 95 studies, of which 15 met inclusion criteria. Enhanced knowledge of prevalence and risk factors is crucial for future treatment improvements. The prevalence of AR has surged, necessitating evidence-based assessments of risk factors. For adults, risk factors include smoking, asthma, family history of AR, drug and food allergies, pollen allergy history, antibiotic use, occupational dust exposure, home renovation, and middle school education. In children, passive smoking, asthma, family history of AR, allergies, eczema, pet ownership, seafood consumption, male gender, and breastfeeding were identified as risk factors. The study highlights AR prevalence's correlation with allergic diseases, familial allergy history, and environmental factors. Comprehending these associations is pivotal for enhancing adherence to preventive management plans.

Key words: Allergic rhinitis, Prevalence, Child, Adolescent, risk factors, adult.

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Pubmed Style

Shaqran TM, Aldawd HM, Alwahabi AA, Ali AI, Shaykhayn HK, Hazmi SH, Alzahrani AA, AlHarbi GA, Alrayes RA, Aljoaid SS. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Allergic Rhinitis; A systematic Review. IJMDC. 2024; 8(2): 855-864. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1701620959

Web Style

Shaqran TM, Aldawd HM, Alwahabi AA, Ali AI, Shaykhayn HK, Hazmi SH, Alzahrani AA, AlHarbi GA, Alrayes RA, Aljoaid SS. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Allergic Rhinitis; A systematic Review. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=179797 [Access: September 28, 2024]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1701620959

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Shaqran TM, Aldawd HM, Alwahabi AA, Ali AI, Shaykhayn HK, Hazmi SH, Alzahrani AA, AlHarbi GA, Alrayes RA, Aljoaid SS. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Allergic Rhinitis; A systematic Review. IJMDC. 2024; 8(2): 855-864. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1701620959

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Shaqran TM, Aldawd HM, Alwahabi AA, Ali AI, Shaykhayn HK, Hazmi SH, Alzahrani AA, AlHarbi GA, Alrayes RA, Aljoaid SS. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Allergic Rhinitis; A systematic Review. IJMDC. (2024), [cited September 28, 2024]; 8(2): 855-864. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1701620959

Harvard Style

Shaqran, T. M., Aldawd, . H. M., Alwahabi, . A. A., Ali, . A. I., Shaykhayn, . H. K., Hazmi, . S. H., Alzahrani, . A. A., AlHarbi, . G. A., Alrayes, . R. A. & Aljoaid, . S. S. (2024) Prevalence and Risk Factors of Allergic Rhinitis; A systematic Review. IJMDC, 8 (2), 855-864. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1701620959

Turabian Style

Shaqran, Tariq Mohamed, Hessah Mohammed Aldawd, Ayesh Awn Alwahabi, Ali Ibrahim Ali, Hussain Khalid Shaykhayn, Suha Hassan Hazmi, Amjaad Ahmed Alzahrani, Ghadah Abdullah AlHarbi, Rahaf Abdulrahman Alrayes, and Shahad Saad Aljoaid. 2024. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Allergic Rhinitis; A systematic Review. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 8 (2), 855-864. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1701620959

Chicago Style

Shaqran, Tariq Mohamed, Hessah Mohammed Aldawd, Ayesh Awn Alwahabi, Ali Ibrahim Ali, Hussain Khalid Shaykhayn, Suha Hassan Hazmi, Amjaad Ahmed Alzahrani, Ghadah Abdullah AlHarbi, Rahaf Abdulrahman Alrayes, and Shahad Saad Aljoaid. "Prevalence and Risk Factors of Allergic Rhinitis; A systematic Review." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 8 (2024), 855-864. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1701620959

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Shaqran, Tariq Mohamed, Hessah Mohammed Aldawd, Ayesh Awn Alwahabi, Ali Ibrahim Ali, Hussain Khalid Shaykhayn, Suha Hassan Hazmi, Amjaad Ahmed Alzahrani, Ghadah Abdullah AlHarbi, Rahaf Abdulrahman Alrayes, and Shahad Saad Aljoaid. "Prevalence and Risk Factors of Allergic Rhinitis; A systematic Review." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 8.2 (2024), 855-864. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1701620959

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Shaqran, T. M., Aldawd, . H. M., Alwahabi, . A. A., Ali, . A. I., Shaykhayn, . H. K., Hazmi, . S. H., Alzahrani, . A. A., AlHarbi, . G. A., Alrayes, . R. A. & Aljoaid, . S. S. (2024) Prevalence and Risk Factors of Allergic Rhinitis; A systematic Review. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 8 (2), 855-864. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1701620959

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