E-ISSN 1658-7820
 

Original Article

Online Publishing Date:
14 / 06 / 2021

 


Refractive errors prevalence among medical students at Qassim University, Saudi Arabia

Abdul-Aziz Al Hadlaq, Heetaf Al Oqaily, Ghadda Al Sallum, Aram Al Masaud, Ali E. Mansour, Osama Al Wutayd.


Abstract
Background: Refractive errors are one of the most leading causes of visual impairment worldwide. It is caused by eye’s inability to focus the light properly therefore causing a blurred vision. There are three major types: myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. We aim to determine the prevalence of refractive errors among medical students at Qassim University, to identify types of refractive errors and to assess the association between near work hours per day and the presence of refractive errors.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Qassim university, Saudi Arabia, outpatient clinics. Using sample size calculation sample size of 362 students was approximated. Students were examined in the ophthalmology clinic at Qassim university outpatient clinics for the presence and the degree of refractive error. Students were interviewed by trained interviewers about demographic data, general health status, and history of refractive errors and associated risk factors.
Results: A total of 603 medical students participated in the study of which 568 (94.0%) had refractive errors and the remaining 35 (6.0%) students were Plano (normal). The most refractive errors in the examined sample were myopia and astigmatism (56.3% and 22.4%, respectively) and these were more prevalent among the age group of 19-22 years old. Myopia was the common errors of refraction among female and more among the fifth year. There was a significant increase in astigmatism among juniors in medical school (p = 0.002). Also,the most significant risk factors among studied sample which increases in myopia and astigmatism were daily
outdoor activities less than or equally to 1 hour (p = 0.04 and p = 0.05, respectively) and the daily outdoor activities more than 3 hours during childhood (p = 0.05).
Conclusion: The prevalence of refractive errors among studied sample was 94% which is one of the highest rates reported, myopia is the most common, regular screening program and checkup for early detection and correction is recommended to prevent impairment of the vision.

Key words: Refractive errors, myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, medical students


 
ARTICLE TOOLS
Abstract
PDF Fulltext
How to cite this articleHow to cite this article
Citation Tools
Related Records
 Articles by Abdul-Aziz Al Hadlaq
Articles by Heetaf Al Oqaily
Articles by Ghadda Al Sallum
Articles by Aram Al Masaud
Articles by Ali E. Mansour
Articles by Osama Al Wutayd
on Google
on Google Scholar


How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Hadlaq AA, Oqaily HA, Sallum GA, Masaud AA, Mansour AE, Wutayd OA. Refractive errors prevalence among medical students at Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. 2021; 5(6): 1276-1281. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1619557904


Web Style

Hadlaq AA, Oqaily HA, Sallum GA, Masaud AA, Mansour AE, Wutayd OA. Refractive errors prevalence among medical students at Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=77151 [Access: March 27, 2024]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1619557904


AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Hadlaq AA, Oqaily HA, Sallum GA, Masaud AA, Mansour AE, Wutayd OA. Refractive errors prevalence among medical students at Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. 2021; 5(6): 1276-1281. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1619557904



Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Hadlaq AA, Oqaily HA, Sallum GA, Masaud AA, Mansour AE, Wutayd OA. Refractive errors prevalence among medical students at Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. (2021), [cited March 27, 2024]; 5(6): 1276-1281. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1619557904



Harvard Style

Hadlaq, A. A., Oqaily, . H. A., Sallum, . G. A., Masaud, . A. A., Mansour, . A. E. & Wutayd, . O. A. (2021) Refractive errors prevalence among medical students at Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC, 5 (6), 1276-1281. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1619557904



Turabian Style

Hadlaq, Abdul-Aziz Al, Heetaf Al Oqaily, Ghadda Al Sallum, Aram Al Masaud, Ali E. Mansour, and Osama Al Wutayd. 2021. Refractive errors prevalence among medical students at Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 5 (6), 1276-1281. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1619557904



Chicago Style

Hadlaq, Abdul-Aziz Al, Heetaf Al Oqaily, Ghadda Al Sallum, Aram Al Masaud, Ali E. Mansour, and Osama Al Wutayd. "Refractive errors prevalence among medical students at Qassim University, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 5 (2021), 1276-1281. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1619557904



MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Hadlaq, Abdul-Aziz Al, Heetaf Al Oqaily, Ghadda Al Sallum, Aram Al Masaud, Ali E. Mansour, and Osama Al Wutayd. "Refractive errors prevalence among medical students at Qassim University, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 5.6 (2021), 1276-1281. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1619557904



APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Hadlaq, A. A., Oqaily, . H. A., Sallum, . G. A., Masaud, . A. A., Mansour, . A. E. & Wutayd, . O. A. (2021) Refractive errors prevalence among medical students at Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 5 (6), 1276-1281. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1619557904





Most Viewed Articles
Most Accessed Articles

  • Marginal adaptation of fixed prosthodontics
    Shahad Mohammed Halawani, Sahar Amer Al-Harbi
    IJMDC. 2017; 1(2): 78-84
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.1.2.7

  • Parasites in central nervous system
    Amal Ahmed Mohamed, Asmaa Mohamed Mansour
    IJMDC. 2017; 1(2): 72-77
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.1.2.6

  • Non-diabetic retinopathy: a case report
    Hassan F. Alkwikbi, Nabil Mamon Abdelfattah, Haithem Mamon Abdelfattah
    IJMDC. 2017; 1(1): 33-37
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.1.1.6

  • Vitamin D deficiency among high school female students in Riyadh
    Sahar Mohsen Aldhafeeri, Fatemah Ibraheem Alrawaji, Abrar Mubarak Algharbi, Alanoud Abdullah Alhessan, Ayat Sami Qabaja, Ghaleah Abdulaziz Alnassar, Ghaliah Ofayn Alsulami, Mashael Belal Alrubaian, Norah Abdulaziz Alhatim, Salehah Salih Alotaibi, Zahra Ali Alkhamees
    IJMDC. 2017; 1(1): 18-23
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.1.1.4

  • Prognosis of chronic complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) after multiple events of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
    Baraa Faiez Rajab, Anwar Essa Alamrim, Ali Essa Alamri
    IJMDC. 2019; 3(5): 474-479
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1546551993

  • Most Downloaded
    Top Downloaded Articles

  • Anti-IL-17 markedly inhibited the in vitro granuloma induced by Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigen.
    Asmaa Ezz, Irene S. Gmail, Fatma Elzahraa H. Salem, Rabab Salama, Soad Nady
    IJMDC. 2018; 2(January 2018): 38-46
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.2.1.7

  • Vitamin D deficiency among high school female students in Riyadh
    Sahar Mohsen Aldhafeeri, Fatemah Ibraheem Alrawaji, Abrar Mubarak Algharbi, Alanoud Abdullah Alhessan, Ayat Sami Qabaja, Ghaleah Abdulaziz Alnassar, Ghaliah Ofayn Alsulami, Mashael Belal Alrubaian, Norah Abdulaziz Alhatim, Salehah Salih Alotaibi, Zahra Ali Alkhamees
    IJMDC. 2017; 1(1): 18-23
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.1.1.4

  • Antibiotic Resistance Crisis
    Nuha Saad Mobarki, Buthaina Abdullah Almerabi, Ahmad Hattan Hattan
    IJMDC. 2019; 3(6): 561-564
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1549060699

  • The knowledge of mothers about children malnutrition and associated factors
    Anas Abdulrahman Aljohani, Mujahid Abdulrahman Aljohani
    IJMDC. 2020; 4(1): 7-11
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1541620358

  • Knowledge and attitude of caregivers of cerebral palsy children in Riyadh city
    Abdulaziz Alruwaished, Baleegh Ali, Lubna Abdullah Alhowaimil , Abaraa adullah Alhowaimil, Najd Abdullah Alhowaimil, Aminah Alessa
    IJMDC. 2020; 4(1): 12-17
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1547833051

  • Most Cited Articles
    Most Cited Articles

  • Antibiotic Resistance Crisis
    Nuha Saad Mobarki, Buthaina Abdullah Almerabi, Ahmad Hattan Hattan
    IJMDC. 2019; 3(6): 561-564
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1549060699
    Cited : 34 times [Click to see citing articles]

  • Prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among diabetes mellitus patients in Arar, Northern Saudi Arabia
    AMohammed Elamin Mukrim, Nujud Muteb D. Alshammari, Wurud Muteb D. Alshammari, Maali Subhi T. Alshammari, Yousef Nasif R. Alshammari, Abdulaziz Sael M. Alshammari, Maisa Hamad F. Alanazi, Abdulelah Abdulrhman F. Alzammam, Muharib Mana M. Alshammari, Slwa Khaled Abu Asyah, Aseel Jamal Alzuhayri, Mushref Saeid Alshammari
    IJMDC. 2019; 3(3): 229-233
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1542576396
    Cited : 8 times [Click to see citing articles]

  • Knowledge, attitude, and practice of breast self-examination toward breast cancer among female students at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
    Abdullah Nasser Alomair, Dania Ghazi Felemban, Mohannad Sami Felemban, Jameel Abdullah Awadain, Ammar Saud Altowairqi, Nawaf Fawzan Alfawzan, Fatimah Mohammed Almazayen, Abdulrahman Jalwi Korkoman, Nawaf Saad Alrusayyis
    IJMDC. 2020; 4(2): 429-434
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1576668182
    Cited : 8 times [Click to see citing articles]

  • Population awareness about rheumatoid arthritis in Jazan region, Saudi Arabia
    Ahmad Ali Hazzazi, Mohssen Hassen Ageeli, Ahmed Ali Muyidi, Abdulaziz Mohammad Abulgasim, Abdullah Ahmad Yateemi, Nabil Alhakami
    IJMDC. 2020; 4(3): 668-675
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1576010943
    Cited : 4 times [Click to see citing articles]

  • Prevalence and factors associated with depression among health care workers in National Guard Hospital in Riyadh, KSA
    Noor Mohammad AlFahhad
    IJMDC. 2018; 2(September 2018): 92-96
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1526306040
    Cited : 4 times [Click to see citing articles]