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Original Article
Online Published: 04 Jan 2020
 


Identification of risk factors and adolescents' beliefs about triggers for headaches: a cross-sectional study

Fahad Abdulrahman Dakhil, Waad Omar Aljohani, Ghadah Hassan Almutairi, Ruwaydah Abdulaziz Althunayyan, Rawan Abdulfattah Abdulkarim, Muslem Mohammed Alshakhs.


Abstract
Background: Headaches are important in childhood and ranks third among illness-related causes of school absenteeism. Previous studies have been limited to children in clinics or smaller community populations. This study was done to compare the prevalence of self-perceived and observed risk factors for headache among adolescents.
Methodology: Adolescents aged between 14 and 20 years, from the first and third grades of high schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, answered questionnaires about headaches and potential risk factors regarding stress, lifestyle, and muscle pain.
Results: A total of 1,000 students aged between 14 and 20 years old completed the survey. More than half of the participants (55%) were males. Regarding the type of headache, 30% were migraine, 25% were tension-type headache, 23% were a miscellaneous headache, and 22% were co-existing migraine plus tension-type headache. The prevalence ratios between recognized risk factors and self-perceived for headache proposed overestimation of the effect of stress.
Conclusion: Headaches are common among Saudi students, and more prevalent among male students. They are mainly associated with stress.

Key words: Risk factors, adolescents, triggers, headaches


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Dakhil FA, Aljohani WO, Almutairi GH, Althunayyan RA, Abdulkarim RA, Alshakhs MM. Identification of risk factors and adolescents' beliefs about triggers for headaches: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC. 2020; 4(1): 79-82. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1571232985

Web Style

Dakhil FA, Aljohani WO, Almutairi GH, Althunayyan RA, Abdulkarim RA, Alshakhs MM. Identification of risk factors and adolescents' beliefs about triggers for headaches: a cross-sectional study. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=69848 [Access: October 14, 2025]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1571232985

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Dakhil FA, Aljohani WO, Almutairi GH, Althunayyan RA, Abdulkarim RA, Alshakhs MM. Identification of risk factors and adolescents' beliefs about triggers for headaches: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC. 2020; 4(1): 79-82. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1571232985


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Dakhil FA, Aljohani WO, Almutairi GH, Althunayyan RA, Abdulkarim RA, Alshakhs MM. Identification of risk factors and adolescents' beliefs about triggers for headaches: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC. (2020), [cited October 14, 2025]; 4(1): 79-82. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1571232985


Harvard Style

Dakhil, F. A., Aljohani, . W. O., Almutairi, . G. H., Althunayyan, . R. A., Abdulkarim, . R. A. & Alshakhs, . M. M. (2020) Identification of risk factors and adolescents' beliefs about triggers for headaches: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC, 4 (1), 79-82. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1571232985


Turabian Style

Dakhil, Fahad Abdulrahman, Waad Omar Aljohani, Ghadah Hassan Almutairi, Ruwaydah Abdulaziz Althunayyan, Rawan Abdulfattah Abdulkarim, and Muslem Mohammed Alshakhs. 2020. Identification of risk factors and adolescents' beliefs about triggers for headaches: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 4 (1), 79-82. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1571232985


Chicago Style

Dakhil, Fahad Abdulrahman, Waad Omar Aljohani, Ghadah Hassan Almutairi, Ruwaydah Abdulaziz Althunayyan, Rawan Abdulfattah Abdulkarim, and Muslem Mohammed Alshakhs. "Identification of risk factors and adolescents' beliefs about triggers for headaches: a cross-sectional study." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 4 (2020), 79-82. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1571232985


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Dakhil, Fahad Abdulrahman, Waad Omar Aljohani, Ghadah Hassan Almutairi, Ruwaydah Abdulaziz Althunayyan, Rawan Abdulfattah Abdulkarim, and Muslem Mohammed Alshakhs. "Identification of risk factors and adolescents' beliefs about triggers for headaches: a cross-sectional study." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 4.1 (2020), 79-82. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1571232985


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Dakhil, F. A., Aljohani, . W. O., Almutairi, . G. H., Althunayyan, . R. A., Abdulkarim, . R. A. & Alshakhs, . M. M. (2020) Identification of risk factors and adolescents' beliefs about triggers for headaches: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 4 (1), 79-82. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1571232985




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