Evaluating sleep quality using smartwatch usage indicators: population-level evidence from Saudi Adults

Mohammad A. Jareebi; Ghazi I. Al Jowf; Saja A. Almraysi; Dhiyaa A. H. Otayf; Abrar Fahad Alshahrani; Rayan Y. Abu Shamlah; Abdulaziz M. Alibrahim; Amal J. Alfaifi; Saleh A. Almazam; Khalid S. Alsallumi; Zakaria I. Melaisi; Farjah H. Algahtani; Nuha H. Abutalib; Nada M. Makein; Fatma A. Rajhi

doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1777841323

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Original Article
Online Published: 30 Jun 2026

IJMDC. 2026; 10(8): 2128-2136

doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1777841323

Evaluating sleep quality using smartwatch usage indicators: population-level evidence from Saudi adults

Mohammad A. Jareebi, Ghazi I. Al Jowf, Saja A. Almraysi, Dhiyaa A. H. Otayf, Abrar Fahad Alshahrani, Rayan Y. Abu Shamlah, Abdulaziz M. Alibrahim, Amal J. Alfaifi, Saleh A. Almazam, Khalid S. Alsallumi, Zakaria I. Melaisi, Farjah H. Algahtani, Nuha H. Abutalib, Nada M. Makein, Fatma A. Rajhi.

Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between smartwatch use and sleep quality among adults in Saudi Arabia using the Sleep Quality Scale (SQS).
Methods: A cross-sectional online survey (August 2024, February 2025) was conducted with 1,164 Saudi adults aged ≥18 years. The data included sociodemographic factors, health and lifestyle characteristics, smart watch usage patterns, and sleep quality, which were assessed using the validated SQS. Independent t-tests, chi-square tests, and multivariate linear regression analyses were used.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 26 ± 8.8 years, and 53% were female. Overall, 48% of the participants reported using smartwatches. Smartwatch users had lower mean SQS scores than non-users (41.8 ± 13.4 vs. 44.0 ± 14.4; p = 0.014) and a lower prevalence of poor sleep quality (28.1% vs. 34.2%; p = 0.025). Among users, activity-tracking functions were associated with the best sleep quality, whereas exclusively sleep-tracking users reported poorer scores (p = 0.015). In multivariable analyses, male sex (β = −3.58; p < 0.001), adequate physical activity (β = −3.10; p = 0.002), and sleep tracking (β = −2.78; p = 0.042) were associated with better sleep quality, while current smoking was associated with poorer sleep quality (β = 2.61; p = 0.043).
Conclusion: Smartwatch use was associated with better sleep quality among Saudi adults. These findings sup ported the potential role of wearable technology in sleep health monitoring.

Key words: Smartwatch, wearable devices, sleep quality, Sleep Quality Scale, digital health, Saudi Arabia

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Pubmed Style

Jareebi MA, Jowf GIA, Almraysi SA, Otayf DAH, Alshahrani AF, Shamlah RYA, Alibrahim AM, Alfaifi AJ, Almazam SA, Alsallumi KS, Melaisi ZI, Algahtani FH, Abutalib NH, Makein NM, Rajhi FA. Evaluating sleep quality using smartwatch usage indicators: population-level evidence from Saudi adults. IJMDC. 2026; 10(8): 2128-2136. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1777841323

Web Style

Jareebi MA, Jowf GIA, Almraysi SA, Otayf DAH, Alshahrani AF, Shamlah RYA, Alibrahim AM, Alfaifi AJ, Almazam SA, Alsallumi KS, Melaisi ZI, Algahtani FH, Abutalib NH, Makein NM, Rajhi FA. Evaluating sleep quality using smartwatch usage indicators: population-level evidence from Saudi adults. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=319579 [Access: August 25, 2026]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1777841323

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Jareebi MA, Jowf GIA, Almraysi SA, Otayf DAH, Alshahrani AF, Shamlah RYA, Alibrahim AM, Alfaifi AJ, Almazam SA, Alsallumi KS, Melaisi ZI, Algahtani FH, Abutalib NH, Makein NM, Rajhi FA. Evaluating sleep quality using smartwatch usage indicators: population-level evidence from Saudi adults. IJMDC. 2026; 10(8): 2128-2136. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1777841323

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Jareebi MA, Jowf GIA, Almraysi SA, Otayf DAH, Alshahrani AF, Shamlah RYA, Alibrahim AM, Alfaifi AJ, Almazam SA, Alsallumi KS, Melaisi ZI, Algahtani FH, Abutalib NH, Makein NM, Rajhi FA. Evaluating sleep quality using smartwatch usage indicators: population-level evidence from Saudi adults. IJMDC. (2026), [cited August 25, 2026]; 10(8): 2128-2136. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1777841323

Harvard Style

Jareebi, M. A., Jowf, . G. I. A., Almraysi, . S. A., Otayf, . D. A. H., Alshahrani, . A. F., Shamlah, . R. Y. A., Alibrahim, . A. M., Alfaifi, . A. J., Almazam, . S. A., Alsallumi, . K. S., Melaisi, . Z. I., Algahtani, . F. H., Abutalib, . N. H., Makein, . N. M. & Rajhi, . F. A. (2026) Evaluating sleep quality using smartwatch usage indicators: population-level evidence from Saudi adults. IJMDC, 10 (8), 2128-2136. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1777841323

Turabian Style

Jareebi, Mohammad A., Ghazi I. Al Jowf, Saja A. Almraysi, Dhiyaa A. H. Otayf, Abrar Fahad Alshahrani, Rayan Y. Abu Shamlah, Abdulaziz M. Alibrahim, Amal J. Alfaifi, Saleh A. Almazam, Khalid S. Alsallumi, Zakaria I. Melaisi, Farjah H. Algahtani, Nuha H. Abutalib, Nada M. Makein, and Fatma A. Rajhi. 2026. Evaluating sleep quality using smartwatch usage indicators: population-level evidence from Saudi adults. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 10 (8), 2128-2136. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1777841323

Chicago Style

Jareebi, Mohammad A., Ghazi I. Al Jowf, Saja A. Almraysi, Dhiyaa A. H. Otayf, Abrar Fahad Alshahrani, Rayan Y. Abu Shamlah, Abdulaziz M. Alibrahim, Amal J. Alfaifi, Saleh A. Almazam, Khalid S. Alsallumi, Zakaria I. Melaisi, Farjah H. Algahtani, Nuha H. Abutalib, Nada M. Makein, and Fatma A. Rajhi. "Evaluating sleep quality using smartwatch usage indicators: population-level evidence from Saudi adults." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 10 (2026), 2128-2136. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1777841323

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Jareebi, Mohammad A., Ghazi I. Al Jowf, Saja A. Almraysi, Dhiyaa A. H. Otayf, Abrar Fahad Alshahrani, Rayan Y. Abu Shamlah, Abdulaziz M. Alibrahim, Amal J. Alfaifi, Saleh A. Almazam, Khalid S. Alsallumi, Zakaria I. Melaisi, Farjah H. Algahtani, Nuha H. Abutalib, Nada M. Makein, and Fatma A. Rajhi. "Evaluating sleep quality using smartwatch usage indicators: population-level evidence from Saudi adults." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 10.8 (2026), 2128-2136. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1777841323

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Jareebi, M. A., Jowf, . G. I. A., Almraysi, . S. A., Otayf, . D. A. H., Alshahrani, . A. F., Shamlah, . R. Y. A., Alibrahim, . A. M., Alfaifi, . A. J., Almazam, . S. A., Alsallumi, . K. S., Melaisi, . Z. I., Algahtani, . F. H., Abutalib, . N. H., Makein, . N. M. & Rajhi, . F. A. (2026) Evaluating sleep quality using smartwatch usage indicators: population-level evidence from Saudi adults. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 10 (8), 2128-2136. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1777841323

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