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2026, Vol: 10, Issue: 8
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Original Article
Online Published: 19 Jul 2026
 


Symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia: prevalence, characteristics, and associated modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors

Zenat Khired, Mohammad A. Jareebi, Ayman A. Akkur, Dhiyaa A. H. Otayf, Ahmed Y. Najmi, Osama A. Mobarki, Turki I. Aljezani, Yazan A. Bajawi, Eyad A. Alameer, Mohammed H. Hakami, Raum Y. Musawi, Ahmed Amer Altalhi, Adnan F. Soqir, Youssef Z. Alakeel.


Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (KOA), its modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, and its impact on functional outcomes among adults in Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between March and September 2024 in the Jazan region. A convenience sample of 573 adults aged 18 years and above was recruited via an online self-ad ministered questionnaire. Symptomatic KOA was defined using the Arabic version of the ACR clinical criteria. Functional status and quality of life were assessed using the validated Saudi Arabian version of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS).
Results: The prevalence of symptomatic KOA was 23%, with an additional 23% reporting knee pain without meeting the OA criteria. The mean KOOS total score was 85 ± 18, with the lowest scores observed in the sport (84 ± 25) and quality-of-life (84 ± 22) domains. Independent risk factors for KOA included older age (β = 1.04, p <0.001), higher BMI (β = 1.05, p = 0.029), history of ACL/meniscus injury (β = 5.37, p <0.001), and flatfoot (β = 2.51, p = 0.026). KOA diagnosis was the strongest predictor of reduced KOOS total scores (β = −21.79, p <0.001).
Conclusion: Symptomatic KOA affects nearly one in four adults in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Age, BMI, prior knee injury, and flatfoot were found to be significant independent risk factors. KOA substantially impaired functional status, particularly in the sport and quality-of-life domains, highlighting the need for targeted prevention and rehabilitation strategies.

Key words: Symptomatic knee osteoarthritis, Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia, prevalence, characteristics, risk factors


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Khired Z, Jareebi MA, Akkur AA, Otayf DAH, Najmi AY, Mobarki OA, Aljezani TI, Bajawi YA, Alameer EA, Hakami MH, Musawi RY, Altalhi AA, Soqir AF, Alakeel YZ. Symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia: prevalence, characteristics, and associated modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. IJMDC. 2026; 10(8): 2099-2109. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1777239389

Web Style

Khired Z, Jareebi MA, Akkur AA, Otayf DAH, Najmi AY, Mobarki OA, Aljezani TI, Bajawi YA, Alameer EA, Hakami MH, Musawi RY, Altalhi AA, Soqir AF, Alakeel YZ. Symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia: prevalence, characteristics, and associated modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=318759 [Access: August 25, 2026]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1777239389

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Khired Z, Jareebi MA, Akkur AA, Otayf DAH, Najmi AY, Mobarki OA, Aljezani TI, Bajawi YA, Alameer EA, Hakami MH, Musawi RY, Altalhi AA, Soqir AF, Alakeel YZ. Symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia: prevalence, characteristics, and associated modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. IJMDC. 2026; 10(8): 2099-2109. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1777239389


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Khired Z, Jareebi MA, Akkur AA, Otayf DAH, Najmi AY, Mobarki OA, Aljezani TI, Bajawi YA, Alameer EA, Hakami MH, Musawi RY, Altalhi AA, Soqir AF, Alakeel YZ. Symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia: prevalence, characteristics, and associated modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. IJMDC. (2026), [cited August 25, 2026]; 10(8): 2099-2109. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1777239389


Harvard Style

Khired, Z., Jareebi, . M. A., Akkur, . A. A., Otayf, . D. A. H., Najmi, . A. Y., Mobarki, . O. A., Aljezani, . T. I., Bajawi, . Y. A., Alameer, . E. A., Hakami, . M. H., Musawi, . R. Y., Altalhi, . A. A., Soqir, . A. F. & Alakeel, . Y. Z. (2026) Symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia: prevalence, characteristics, and associated modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. IJMDC, 10 (8), 2099-2109. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1777239389


Turabian Style

Khired, Zenat, Mohammad A. Jareebi, Ayman A. Akkur, Dhiyaa A. H. Otayf, Ahmed Y. Najmi, Osama A. Mobarki, Turki I. Aljezani, Yazan A. Bajawi, Eyad A. Alameer, Mohammed H. Hakami, Raum Y. Musawi, Ahmed Amer Altalhi, Adnan F. Soqir, and Youssef Z. Alakeel. 2026. Symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia: prevalence, characteristics, and associated modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 10 (8), 2099-2109. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1777239389


Chicago Style

Khired, Zenat, Mohammad A. Jareebi, Ayman A. Akkur, Dhiyaa A. H. Otayf, Ahmed Y. Najmi, Osama A. Mobarki, Turki I. Aljezani, Yazan A. Bajawi, Eyad A. Alameer, Mohammed H. Hakami, Raum Y. Musawi, Ahmed Amer Altalhi, Adnan F. Soqir, and Youssef Z. Alakeel. "Symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia: prevalence, characteristics, and associated modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 10 (2026), 2099-2109. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1777239389


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Khired, Zenat, Mohammad A. Jareebi, Ayman A. Akkur, Dhiyaa A. H. Otayf, Ahmed Y. Najmi, Osama A. Mobarki, Turki I. Aljezani, Yazan A. Bajawi, Eyad A. Alameer, Mohammed H. Hakami, Raum Y. Musawi, Ahmed Amer Altalhi, Adnan F. Soqir, and Youssef Z. Alakeel. "Symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia: prevalence, characteristics, and associated modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 10.8 (2026), 2099-2109. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1777239389


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Khired, Z., Jareebi, . M. A., Akkur, . A. A., Otayf, . D. A. H., Najmi, . A. Y., Mobarki, . O. A., Aljezani, . T. I., Bajawi, . Y. A., Alameer, . E. A., Hakami, . M. H., Musawi, . R. Y., Altalhi, . A. A., Soqir, . A. F. & Alakeel, . Y. Z. (2026) Symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia: prevalence, characteristics, and associated modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 10 (8), 2099-2109. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1777239389




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