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2026, Vol: 10, Issue: 8
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Review Article
Online Published: 22 Jul 2026
 


Short- and long-term outcomes of robotic versus conventional total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Hosam Hadi Awaji, Awatif Jubran Hazazi, Khulood Sultan Alharbi, Abdulrahman Abdullah Alzahrani, Omar Sami Alzamil, Abdalrhman Raed Theayb Aesa, Alanoud Nasser Abdulqwi, Abdallah Ali Alahmary, Faisal Adel Alshammari, Mohammad Fahad A. Aljuhani.


Abstract
Robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) has been suggested as a potential advancement over conventional total knee arthroplasty to improve surgical precision, functional recovery, and patient satisfaction. This review aimed to compare clinical and functional results of robotic-assisted versus conventional TKA in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), subgroup analysis according to short- and long-term follow-up. Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. The following electronic data bases were utilized to search for qualified studies: MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, ProQuest, ClinicalTrials.gov, grey literature, and Scopus. Only RCTs were included. Outcomes assessed were functional scores (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Knee Society Score), range of motion (ROM), pain (visual analog scale), operation time, blood loss/transfusion, complications, length of stay in hospital, and readmission. Subgroup analysis was conducted according to short-term (≤1 year) and long-term (>1 year) follow-up. Robotic TKA demonstrated a significant improvement in functional score (MD 2.14; 95% CI 0.80-3.48; p = 0.002) and decrease in pain in long-term follow-up (MD-1.12; 95% CI-1.90-0.34; p = 0.005), but it showed no differences in range of motion, blood loss, complication, or hospitalization length of stay. Operative times were significantly longer with robotic TKA (MD 20.15 minutes; 95% CI 12.49-27.82; p < 0.00001). The rTKA offered minimal improvements in pain and function in the immediate postoperative and long-term follow-up relative to conventional TKA at a higher operative time. There was no significant improvement in ROM, blood loss, complications, or length of hospital stay for the rTKA.

Key words: Robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty, conventional total knee arthroplasty, functional outcomes, long-term, short-term, systematic review


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Awaji HH, Hazazi AJ, Alharbi KS, Alzahrani AA, Alzamil OS, Aesa ART, Abdulqwi AN, Alahmary AA, Alshammari FA, Aljuhani MFA. Short- and long-term outcomes of robotic versus conventional total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. IJMDC. 2026; 10(8): 2391-2404. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1775929506

Web Style

Awaji HH, Hazazi AJ, Alharbi KS, Alzahrani AA, Alzamil OS, Aesa ART, Abdulqwi AN, Alahmary AA, Alshammari FA, Aljuhani MFA. Short- and long-term outcomes of robotic versus conventional total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=317135 [Access: August 25, 2026]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1775929506

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Awaji HH, Hazazi AJ, Alharbi KS, Alzahrani AA, Alzamil OS, Aesa ART, Abdulqwi AN, Alahmary AA, Alshammari FA, Aljuhani MFA. Short- and long-term outcomes of robotic versus conventional total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. IJMDC. 2026; 10(8): 2391-2404. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1775929506


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Awaji HH, Hazazi AJ, Alharbi KS, Alzahrani AA, Alzamil OS, Aesa ART, Abdulqwi AN, Alahmary AA, Alshammari FA, Aljuhani MFA. Short- and long-term outcomes of robotic versus conventional total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. IJMDC. (2026), [cited August 25, 2026]; 10(8): 2391-2404. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1775929506


Harvard Style

Awaji, H. H., Hazazi, . A. J., Alharbi, . K. S., Alzahrani, . A. A., Alzamil, . O. S., Aesa, . A. R. T., Abdulqwi, . A. N., Alahmary, . A. A., Alshammari, . F. A. & Aljuhani, . M. F. A. (2026) Short- and long-term outcomes of robotic versus conventional total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. IJMDC, 10 (8), 2391-2404. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1775929506


Turabian Style

Awaji, Hosam Hadi, Awatif Jubran Hazazi, Khulood Sultan Alharbi, Abdulrahman Abdullah Alzahrani, Omar Sami Alzamil, Abdalrhman Raed Theayb Aesa, Alanoud Nasser Abdulqwi, Abdallah Ali Alahmary, Faisal Adel Alshammari, and Mohammad Fahad A. Aljuhani. 2026. Short- and long-term outcomes of robotic versus conventional total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 10 (8), 2391-2404. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1775929506


Chicago Style

Awaji, Hosam Hadi, Awatif Jubran Hazazi, Khulood Sultan Alharbi, Abdulrahman Abdullah Alzahrani, Omar Sami Alzamil, Abdalrhman Raed Theayb Aesa, Alanoud Nasser Abdulqwi, Abdallah Ali Alahmary, Faisal Adel Alshammari, and Mohammad Fahad A. Aljuhani. "Short- and long-term outcomes of robotic versus conventional total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 10 (2026), 2391-2404. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1775929506


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Awaji, Hosam Hadi, Awatif Jubran Hazazi, Khulood Sultan Alharbi, Abdulrahman Abdullah Alzahrani, Omar Sami Alzamil, Abdalrhman Raed Theayb Aesa, Alanoud Nasser Abdulqwi, Abdallah Ali Alahmary, Faisal Adel Alshammari, and Mohammad Fahad A. Aljuhani. "Short- and long-term outcomes of robotic versus conventional total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 10.8 (2026), 2391-2404. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1775929506


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Awaji, H. H., Hazazi, . A. J., Alharbi, . K. S., Alzahrani, . A. A., Alzamil, . O. S., Aesa, . A. R. T., Abdulqwi, . A. N., Alahmary, . A. A., Alshammari, . F. A. & Aljuhani, . M. F. A. (2026) Short- and long-term outcomes of robotic versus conventional total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 10 (8), 2391-2404. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1775929506




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