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2026, Vol: 10, Issue: 5
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Original Research 


Frequency of diabetes, complications and vascular risk factors in male and female population of Al-Jouf, KSA

Muhammad A Siddiqui, Aziz Ul Haq Siddiqui, Faiz Rwelly, Adam Clay.


Abstract
Background: Diabetes is prevailing worldwide. This study aimed to estimate the frequency of diabetes, its complications, and relevant risk factors for the years 2014–2017 in Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia.
Methodology: Three years of patient data were extracted from Diabetes Centre electronic database to determine patient’s type of diabetes and complications associated with diabetes. Risk factors such as hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia, and body mass index (BMI) were also recorded.
Results: Seven hundred eighty-five (n = 785) patients data were included in the study, with a mean age of 52 ± 12 years and age range of 13–101 years. Among all, 58% were males and 93% were type 2 diabetics. Regardless of age and gender, there were 76% of the participants who were not having any complications. No significant association was observed between gender and diabetic complication in study population. More than one-third of the study participants were hypertensive and two-third had high blood lipids. Overall mean HbA1c and BMI were found above the normal limits (HbA1c < 6.5%; BMI < 25 kg/m2) in both male and female subjects. A significant statistical difference was observed between males and females for HbA1c, BMI, serum creatinine, total
cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein.
Conclusion: The majority of patient did not present with diabetic complications. However, study results suggested that elevated HbA1c and BMIs are quite prevalent among the study population and need to be addressed using patient education and awareness strategy.

Key words: Diabetes, complications, risk factors, Saudi Arabia


 
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Pubmed Style

Siddiqui MA, Siddiqui AUH, Rwelly F, Clay A. Frequency of diabetes, complications and vascular risk factors in male and female population of Al-Jouf, KSA. IJMDC. 2018; 2(January 2018): 27-32. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.2.1.4

Web Style

Siddiqui MA, Siddiqui AUH, Rwelly F, Clay A. Frequency of diabetes, complications and vascular risk factors in male and female population of Al-Jouf, KSA. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=289014 [Access: October 14, 2025]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.2.1.4

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Siddiqui MA, Siddiqui AUH, Rwelly F, Clay A. Frequency of diabetes, complications and vascular risk factors in male and female population of Al-Jouf, KSA. IJMDC. 2018; 2(January 2018): 27-32. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.2.1.4


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Siddiqui MA, Siddiqui AUH, Rwelly F, Clay A. Frequency of diabetes, complications and vascular risk factors in male and female population of Al-Jouf, KSA. IJMDC. (2018), [cited October 14, 2025]; 2(January 2018): 27-32. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.2.1.4


Harvard Style

Siddiqui, M. A., Siddiqui, . A. U. H., Rwelly, . F. & Clay, . A. (2018) Frequency of diabetes, complications and vascular risk factors in male and female population of Al-Jouf, KSA. IJMDC, 2 (January 2018), 27-32. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.2.1.4


Turabian Style

Siddiqui, Muhammad A, Aziz Ul Haq Siddiqui, Faiz Rwelly, and Adam Clay. 2018. Frequency of diabetes, complications and vascular risk factors in male and female population of Al-Jouf, KSA. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 2 (January 2018), 27-32. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.2.1.4


Chicago Style

Siddiqui, Muhammad A, Aziz Ul Haq Siddiqui, Faiz Rwelly, and Adam Clay. "Frequency of diabetes, complications and vascular risk factors in male and female population of Al-Jouf, KSA." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 2 (2018), 27-32. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.2.1.4


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Siddiqui, Muhammad A, Aziz Ul Haq Siddiqui, Faiz Rwelly, and Adam Clay. "Frequency of diabetes, complications and vascular risk factors in male and female population of Al-Jouf, KSA." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 2.January 2018 (2018), 27-32. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.2.1.4


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Siddiqui, M. A., Siddiqui, . A. U. H., Rwelly, . F. & Clay, . A. (2018) Frequency of diabetes, complications and vascular risk factors in male and female population of Al-Jouf, KSA. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 2 (January 2018), 27-32. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.2.1.4




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