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Original Article
Online Published: 27 Mar 2025
 


Evaluating the effects of supervised versus non-supervised training techniques on upper extremity complaints in regular strength trainees: a cross-sectional analysis

Rasha Mohamed Alorini, Abdulaziz Ibrahim Alkhudhayri, Mohammed Yousef Alobaysi, Shahad Jarallah Alshammary, Mohammed Adel Alyahya, Randa Abdullah Altuwaijri, Bader K. Alqahtani, Ghada Musaed Alrasheedi, Saleh Abdulrahman Alwashmi, Joud Mohammed Alharbi, Yasser Alwabli.


Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of and describe and compare upper limb disorders in trained and untrained weightlifters in Saudi Arabia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in gym centers located in the Riyadh and Qassim regions from February 20, 2024 to December 20, 2024. The target population included adult strength trainees aged 18 years and above who regularly engaged in strength training, either under the supervision of a qualified coach or independently. Individuals with prior upper limb surgery, musculoskeletal disorders, or congenital deformities were excluded.
Results: This study included 166 participants with 52.4% females (n = 87) and 47.6% males (n = 79). Most participants (59.6%, n = 99) were aged 18-25 years. Shoulder/arm complaints were reported by 35.5% (n = 59) and elbow issues by 12% (n = 20). Job-related factors worsened neck problems in 8.4% (n = 14). Training supervision was significantly associated with lower right wrist and hand problems. Binary logistic regression identified age as a significant predictor of neck, shoulder, and wrist complaints, whereas body mass index was significantly associated with shoulder problems. Gender and educational level were not significant predictors.
Conclusion: Age and body mass index were significant predictors of neck, shoulder, and wrist complaints among weightlifters, with older and overweight individuals at a higher risk. While supervision reduced wrist/ hand injuries, it showed no significant effect on other injuries. Job-related factors also contributed to upper extremity complaints.

Key words: Evaluation, supervised vs. non-supervised, training techniques, upper extremity complaints, Saudi Arabia


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Alorini RM, Alkhudhayri AI, Alobaysi MY, Alshammary SJ, Alyahya MA, Altuwaijri RA, Alqahtani BK, Alrasheedi GM, Alwashmi SA, Alharbi JM, Alwabli Y. Evaluating the effects of supervised versus non-supervised training techniques on upper extremity complaints in regular strength trainees: a cross-sectional analysis. IJMDC. 2025; 9(3): 708-716. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1740994906

Web Style

Alorini RM, Alkhudhayri AI, Alobaysi MY, Alshammary SJ, Alyahya MA, Altuwaijri RA, Alqahtani BK, Alrasheedi GM, Alwashmi SA, Alharbi JM, Alwabli Y. Evaluating the effects of supervised versus non-supervised training techniques on upper extremity complaints in regular strength trainees: a cross-sectional analysis. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=245559 [Access: May 15, 2025]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1740994906

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Alorini RM, Alkhudhayri AI, Alobaysi MY, Alshammary SJ, Alyahya MA, Altuwaijri RA, Alqahtani BK, Alrasheedi GM, Alwashmi SA, Alharbi JM, Alwabli Y. Evaluating the effects of supervised versus non-supervised training techniques on upper extremity complaints in regular strength trainees: a cross-sectional analysis. IJMDC. 2025; 9(3): 708-716. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1740994906


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Alorini RM, Alkhudhayri AI, Alobaysi MY, Alshammary SJ, Alyahya MA, Altuwaijri RA, Alqahtani BK, Alrasheedi GM, Alwashmi SA, Alharbi JM, Alwabli Y. Evaluating the effects of supervised versus non-supervised training techniques on upper extremity complaints in regular strength trainees: a cross-sectional analysis. IJMDC. (2025), [cited May 15, 2025]; 9(3): 708-716. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1740994906


Harvard Style

Alorini, R. M., Alkhudhayri, . A. I., Alobaysi, . M. Y., Alshammary, . S. J., Alyahya, . M. A., Altuwaijri, . R. A., Alqahtani, . B. K., Alrasheedi, . G. M., Alwashmi, . S. A., Alharbi, . J. M. & Alwabli, . Y. (2025) Evaluating the effects of supervised versus non-supervised training techniques on upper extremity complaints in regular strength trainees: a cross-sectional analysis. IJMDC, 9 (3), 708-716. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1740994906


Turabian Style

Alorini, Rasha Mohamed, Abdulaziz Ibrahim Alkhudhayri, Mohammed Yousef Alobaysi, Shahad Jarallah Alshammary, Mohammed Adel Alyahya, Randa Abdullah Altuwaijri, Bader K. Alqahtani, Ghada Musaed Alrasheedi, Saleh Abdulrahman Alwashmi, Joud Mohammed Alharbi, and Yasser Alwabli. 2025. Evaluating the effects of supervised versus non-supervised training techniques on upper extremity complaints in regular strength trainees: a cross-sectional analysis. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 9 (3), 708-716. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1740994906


Chicago Style

Alorini, Rasha Mohamed, Abdulaziz Ibrahim Alkhudhayri, Mohammed Yousef Alobaysi, Shahad Jarallah Alshammary, Mohammed Adel Alyahya, Randa Abdullah Altuwaijri, Bader K. Alqahtani, Ghada Musaed Alrasheedi, Saleh Abdulrahman Alwashmi, Joud Mohammed Alharbi, and Yasser Alwabli. "Evaluating the effects of supervised versus non-supervised training techniques on upper extremity complaints in regular strength trainees: a cross-sectional analysis." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 9 (2025), 708-716. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1740994906


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Alorini, Rasha Mohamed, Abdulaziz Ibrahim Alkhudhayri, Mohammed Yousef Alobaysi, Shahad Jarallah Alshammary, Mohammed Adel Alyahya, Randa Abdullah Altuwaijri, Bader K. Alqahtani, Ghada Musaed Alrasheedi, Saleh Abdulrahman Alwashmi, Joud Mohammed Alharbi, and Yasser Alwabli. "Evaluating the effects of supervised versus non-supervised training techniques on upper extremity complaints in regular strength trainees: a cross-sectional analysis." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 9.3 (2025), 708-716. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1740994906


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Alorini, R. M., Alkhudhayri, . A. I., Alobaysi, . M. Y., Alshammary, . S. J., Alyahya, . M. A., Altuwaijri, . R. A., Alqahtani, . B. K., Alrasheedi, . G. M., Alwashmi, . S. A., Alharbi, . J. M. & Alwabli, . Y. (2025) Evaluating the effects of supervised versus non-supervised training techniques on upper extremity complaints in regular strength trainees: a cross-sectional analysis. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 9 (3), 708-716. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1740994906




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