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2025, Vol: 9, Issue: 2
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Review Article
Online Published: 22 Jan 2025
 


Risk factors of epilepsy among Saudi Arabian children: a systematic review

Bader Alghamdi, Laila Zamil Alzamil, Lujain Sami Alhomood, Layan Ahmed Alrehaili, Lujain Ahmed Alleft, Renad Alsuhaibani, Aljawharah Mohammed Alshahrani, Rawan Abdulrahman Bayamin, Aseel Ali Alomireeni.


Abstract
Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological condition affecting a significant number of children in Saudi Arabia. However, the specific risk factors contributing to its development in this population remain unclear. This study aimed to systematically determine and analyze the risk factors contributing to the development of epilepsy in Saudi Arabian children. A comprehensive search of relevant databases was carried out to identify studies meeting the inclusion criteria. An in-depth search of PubMed, SCOPUS, Science Direct, and Web of Science was conducted to find pertinent material. This review included seven trials with 2547 children diagnosed with epilepsy and 1725 (67.7%) were males. The majority reported structural/metabolic causes as risk factors for the development of epilepsy. Perinatal insults (mainly hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy), brain shrinkage/ microcephaly, hydrocephalus, agenesis of the corpus callosum, and neonatal convulsions were found to be major risk factors for epilepsy in children. Family history and consanguinity of epilepsy were independent and significant risk factors of epilepsy among Saudi children. Epilepsy, a serious neurological illness, affects children in Saudi Arabia and is influenced by various risk factors. Key factors include genetic predisposition, prenatal complications, central nervous system infections, head trauma, and metabolic abnormalities. Consanguinity, which is relatively common in Saudi Arabia, significantly contributes to the genetic risk of epilepsy. It is essential to comprehend these risk factors to identify, intervene, and manage them early on and enhance the quality of life for impacted children and their families.

Key words: Epilepsy, risk factors, children, Saudi Arabia, systemic review


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Alghamdi B, Alzamil LZ, Alhomood LS, Alrehaili LA, Alleft LA, Alsuhaibani R, Alshahrani AM, Bayamin RA, Alomireeni AA. Risk factors of epilepsy among Saudi Arabian children: a systematic review. IJMDC. 2025; 9(2): 517-523. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1736338910

Web Style

Alghamdi B, Alzamil LZ, Alhomood LS, Alrehaili LA, Alleft LA, Alsuhaibani R, Alshahrani AM, Bayamin RA, Alomireeni AA. Risk factors of epilepsy among Saudi Arabian children: a systematic review. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=236710 [Access: March 17, 2025]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1736338910

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Alghamdi B, Alzamil LZ, Alhomood LS, Alrehaili LA, Alleft LA, Alsuhaibani R, Alshahrani AM, Bayamin RA, Alomireeni AA. Risk factors of epilepsy among Saudi Arabian children: a systematic review. IJMDC. 2025; 9(2): 517-523. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1736338910


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Alghamdi B, Alzamil LZ, Alhomood LS, Alrehaili LA, Alleft LA, Alsuhaibani R, Alshahrani AM, Bayamin RA, Alomireeni AA. Risk factors of epilepsy among Saudi Arabian children: a systematic review. IJMDC. (2025), [cited March 17, 2025]; 9(2): 517-523. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1736338910


Harvard Style

Alghamdi, B., Alzamil, . L. Z., Alhomood, . L. S., Alrehaili, . L. A., Alleft, . L. A., Alsuhaibani, . R., Alshahrani, . A. M., Bayamin, . R. A. & Alomireeni, . A. A. (2025) Risk factors of epilepsy among Saudi Arabian children: a systematic review. IJMDC, 9 (2), 517-523. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1736338910


Turabian Style

Alghamdi, Bader, Laila Zamil Alzamil, Lujain Sami Alhomood, Layan Ahmed Alrehaili, Lujain Ahmed Alleft, Renad Alsuhaibani, Aljawharah Mohammed Alshahrani, Rawan Abdulrahman Bayamin, and Aseel Ali Alomireeni. 2025. Risk factors of epilepsy among Saudi Arabian children: a systematic review. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 9 (2), 517-523. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1736338910


Chicago Style

Alghamdi, Bader, Laila Zamil Alzamil, Lujain Sami Alhomood, Layan Ahmed Alrehaili, Lujain Ahmed Alleft, Renad Alsuhaibani, Aljawharah Mohammed Alshahrani, Rawan Abdulrahman Bayamin, and Aseel Ali Alomireeni. "Risk factors of epilepsy among Saudi Arabian children: a systematic review." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 9 (2025), 517-523. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1736338910


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Alghamdi, Bader, Laila Zamil Alzamil, Lujain Sami Alhomood, Layan Ahmed Alrehaili, Lujain Ahmed Alleft, Renad Alsuhaibani, Aljawharah Mohammed Alshahrani, Rawan Abdulrahman Bayamin, and Aseel Ali Alomireeni. "Risk factors of epilepsy among Saudi Arabian children: a systematic review." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 9.2 (2025), 517-523. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1736338910


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Alghamdi, B., Alzamil, . L. Z., Alhomood, . L. S., Alrehaili, . L. A., Alleft, . L. A., Alsuhaibani, . R., Alshahrani, . A. M., Bayamin, . R. A. & Alomireeni, . A. A. (2025) Risk factors of epilepsy among Saudi Arabian children: a systematic review. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 9 (2), 517-523. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1736338910




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