Understanding the landscape of HIV/AIDS in Bahrain: prevalence, trends, and public health implications - a narrative review

Mohammed AlJohani; Abdulaziz Khushaym; Hasheem Alzeyedi; Nouf Alsuabie; Ahmad Alzahrani; Faris Alanazi; Ziyad Alshahrani; Hashim Aledrisy; Shaikha Asheer; Nitin Kumar

doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1729067709

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Review Article
Online Published: 27 Dec 2024

IJMDC. 2024; 8(11): 3181-3185

doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1729067709

Understanding the landscape of HIV/AIDS in Bahrain: prevalence, trends, and public health implications - a narrative review

Mohammed Aljohani, Abdulaziz Khushaym, Hasheem Alzeyedi, Nouf Alsuabie, Ahmad Alzahrani, Faris Alanazi, Ziyad Alshahrani, Hashim Aledrisy, Shaikha Asheer, Nitin Kumar.

Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) remains a significant global health challenge, with approximately 36.8 million people living with HIV (PLHIV) worldwide in the year 2019. Progress has been made in curbing the epidemic, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, but many regions still struggle with its impact. Bahrain, located in the Middle East, faces unique health challenges amidst a growing population and an evolving healthcare landscape. Recent data from the United Nations Program on HIV/ AIDS (UNAIDS) in 2022 estimated around 190,000 PLHIV in the Middle East and North Africa, with Bahrain contributing to this burden. Limited data indicated that Bahrain recorded 237, 548, and 244 cases of HIV/ AIDS in 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. Intravenous drug abuse is a prominent risk factor among Bahraini nationals, while sexual transmission is more common among foreigners. Notably, the primary route of HIV transmission has shifted to drug injection. Public attitude toward HIV/AIDS in Bahrain revealed persistent mis conceptions and negative views, despite overall awareness being decent. Confidence in government efforts to combat the epidemic is present. Bahrain’s healthcare infrastructure aims to provide comprehensive services, supported by collaborations with civil society organizations. The country has established a National AIDS Program and offers free antiretroviral therapy to diagnosed individuals. Treatment coverage has improved significantly, highlighting Bahrain’s commitment to addressing HIV/AIDS through comprehensive prevention, treatment, and support strategies.

Key words: HIV/AIDS, prevalence, implications, Bahrain, systemic review

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Pubmed Style

Aljohani M, Khushaym A, Alzeyedi H, Alsuabie N, Alzahrani A, Alanazi F, Alshahrani Z, Aledrisy H, Asheer S, Kumar N. Understanding the landscape of HIV/AIDS in Bahrain: prevalence, trends, and public health implications - a narrative review. IJMDC. 2024; 8(11): 3181-3185. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1729067709

Web Style

Aljohani M, Khushaym A, Alzeyedi H, Alsuabie N, Alzahrani A, Alanazi F, Alshahrani Z, Aledrisy H, Asheer S, Kumar N. Understanding the landscape of HIV/AIDS in Bahrain: prevalence, trends, and public health implications - a narrative review. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=224813 [Access: January 14, 2025]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1729067709

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Aljohani M, Khushaym A, Alzeyedi H, Alsuabie N, Alzahrani A, Alanazi F, Alshahrani Z, Aledrisy H, Asheer S, Kumar N. Understanding the landscape of HIV/AIDS in Bahrain: prevalence, trends, and public health implications - a narrative review. IJMDC. 2024; 8(11): 3181-3185. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1729067709

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Aljohani M, Khushaym A, Alzeyedi H, Alsuabie N, Alzahrani A, Alanazi F, Alshahrani Z, Aledrisy H, Asheer S, Kumar N. Understanding the landscape of HIV/AIDS in Bahrain: prevalence, trends, and public health implications - a narrative review. IJMDC. (2024), [cited January 14, 2025]; 8(11): 3181-3185. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1729067709

Harvard Style

Aljohani, M., Khushaym, . A., Alzeyedi, . H., Alsuabie, . N., Alzahrani, . A., Alanazi, . F., Alshahrani, . Z., Aledrisy, . H., Asheer, . S. & Kumar, . N. (2024) Understanding the landscape of HIV/AIDS in Bahrain: prevalence, trends, and public health implications - a narrative review. IJMDC, 8 (11), 3181-3185. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1729067709

Turabian Style

Aljohani, Mohammed, Abdulaziz Khushaym, Hasheem Alzeyedi, Nouf Alsuabie, Ahmad Alzahrani, Faris Alanazi, Ziyad Alshahrani, Hashim Aledrisy, Shaikha Asheer, and Nitin Kumar. 2024. Understanding the landscape of HIV/AIDS in Bahrain: prevalence, trends, and public health implications - a narrative review. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 8 (11), 3181-3185. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1729067709

Chicago Style

Aljohani, Mohammed, Abdulaziz Khushaym, Hasheem Alzeyedi, Nouf Alsuabie, Ahmad Alzahrani, Faris Alanazi, Ziyad Alshahrani, Hashim Aledrisy, Shaikha Asheer, and Nitin Kumar. "Understanding the landscape of HIV/AIDS in Bahrain: prevalence, trends, and public health implications - a narrative review." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 8 (2024), 3181-3185. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1729067709

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Aljohani, Mohammed, Abdulaziz Khushaym, Hasheem Alzeyedi, Nouf Alsuabie, Ahmad Alzahrani, Faris Alanazi, Ziyad Alshahrani, Hashim Aledrisy, Shaikha Asheer, and Nitin Kumar. "Understanding the landscape of HIV/AIDS in Bahrain: prevalence, trends, and public health implications - a narrative review." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 8.11 (2024), 3181-3185. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1729067709

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Aljohani, M., Khushaym, . A., Alzeyedi, . H., Alsuabie, . N., Alzahrani, . A., Alanazi, . F., Alshahrani, . Z., Aledrisy, . H., Asheer, . S. & Kumar, . N. (2024) Understanding the landscape of HIV/AIDS in Bahrain: prevalence, trends, and public health implications - a narrative review. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 8 (11), 3181-3185. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1729067709

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