Abstract
Background: One root with one canal is the most typical anatomical configuration for both maxillary and mandibular canines. However, according to earlier investigations, a second canal was present in 15% of cases. This article presented a clinical case of a successful non-surgical root canal treatment of a mandibular canine with two canals that apically merge into one canal and one foramina (Vertucci type II) in a Saudi female patient.
Case Presentation: A 46-year-old Saudi female with no relevant medical history reported to a primary care clinic at the College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, for the nonsurgical endodontic treatment of the mandibular right canine. Her chief complaint was to complete the root canal treatment that was started in a private clinic 1 week ago. Upon clinical examination, the tooth had no coronal restoration and was negative to both percussion and palpation, no mobility or deep pockets were detected as well. Radiographic examination revealed tooth #43 having one root with two canals joined apically; type II Vertucci with no periapical lesion. The proposed treatment was a non-surgical root canal treatment.
Conclusion: Clinicians are encouraged to look over the root canal morphology of various teeth. All attempts should be made to identify all existing canals in the root canal system through a detailed evaluation of pre-operative radiographs and proper investigation of the pulp chamber.

Key words: Case report, endodontic treatment, mandibular canine, two canals, anatomical variation