Detection and quantification of 4-fluoro MDMB-BUTINACA in herbal products using GC-MS

Ahmed Eadhah Alharthi; Turki Ayed Alharthi; Abdullah Zaid Almeshari; Abdullah Abdulrahman Alhokair; Ali Lafa Almutiri; Abdullah Abdulrahman Bin Shalhoub; Fahad Abdulrahman Hadi Alotib; Sachil Kumar; Abdulassalam Bekdash

doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1671492673

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Original Article

Online Publishing Date:
13 / 03 / 2023

IJMDC. 2023; 7(7): 966-973

doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1671492673

Detection and quantification of 4-fluoro MDMB-BUTINACA in herbal products using GC-MS

Ahmed Eadhah Alharthi, Turki Ayed Alharthi, Abdullah Zaid Almeshari, Abdullah Abdulrahman Alhokair, Ali Lafa Almutiri, Abdullah Abdulrahman Bin Shalhoub, Fahad Abdulrahman Hadi Alotib, Sachil Kumar, Abdulassalam Bekdash.

Abstract
Background: Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are not a single drug. Instead, lots of different SC chemicals are manufactured and commercialized. Every year, new ones with unknown health concerns become accessible. This study was aimed at finding an effective extraction method for the SC, 4-fluoro MDMB-BUTINACA in herbal products, followed by validated gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis.
Methods: An experimental scientific approach was utilized to answer the study’s questions and attain its objectives. Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) was used to extract 4-fluoro MDMB-BUTINACA from herbal powders. Using GC/ Early Intervention (EI)-MS-selected ion monitoring Mode, an analytical technique for sample analysis was developed and validated.
Results: Methanolic LLE method was used to extract the herbal products for the analysis of 4-fluoro MDMBBUTINACA in Augmented Vector Left (AVL) and Space Occupying Lesions (SOL). For both AVL and SOL powders, logarithm of the odds (LOD) and Letter of Qualification (LOQ) were 0.5 and 1 μg/g, respectively. The Intra-Day accuracy (Bias %) ranged between -3.48%-7.49% and -4.15%-8.33% in AVL and SOL, respectively. In AVL and SOL, the Intra-Day precision [relative standard deviation (RSD) %] ranged between 3.89%-10.21% and 5.86%- 11.47%. The Inter-Day accuracy (Bias %) within 3 days ranged between -4.53%-10.23% and -8.13%-14.73% in AVL and SOL, respectively. The Intra-Day precision (RSD%) within 3 days ranged between 3.87%-13.23% and 2.03%-14.25% in AVL and SOL, respectively.
Conclusion: This study recommends applying the analytical method for ease and credibility to be used. Further recommends efforts to include new psychotropic drugs in the ban schedules in Arab countries.

Key words: Detection, quantification, 4-fluoro MDMB-BUTINACA, herbal products, GC-MS.

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How to Cite this Article

Pubmed Style

Alharthi AE, Alharthi TA, Almeshari AZ, Alhokair AA, Almutiri AL, Shalhoub AAB, Alotib FAH, Kumar S, Bekdash A. Detection and quantification of 4-fluoro MDMB-BUTINACA in herbal products using GC-MS. IJMDC. 2023; 7(7): 966-973. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1671492673

Web Style

Alharthi AE, Alharthi TA, Almeshari AZ, Alhokair AA, Almutiri AL, Shalhoub AAB, Alotib FAH, Kumar S, Bekdash A. Detection and quantification of 4-fluoro MDMB-BUTINACA in herbal products using GC-MS. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=120163 [Access: March 26, 2024]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1671492673

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Alharthi AE, Alharthi TA, Almeshari AZ, Alhokair AA, Almutiri AL, Shalhoub AAB, Alotib FAH, Kumar S, Bekdash A. Detection and quantification of 4-fluoro MDMB-BUTINACA in herbal products using GC-MS. IJMDC. 2023; 7(7): 966-973. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1671492673

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Alharthi AE, Alharthi TA, Almeshari AZ, Alhokair AA, Almutiri AL, Shalhoub AAB, Alotib FAH, Kumar S, Bekdash A. Detection and quantification of 4-fluoro MDMB-BUTINACA in herbal products using GC-MS. IJMDC. (2023), [cited March 26, 2024]; 7(7): 966-973. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1671492673

Harvard Style

Alharthi, A. E., Alharthi, . T. A., Almeshari, . A. Z., Alhokair, . A. A., Almutiri, . A. L., Shalhoub, . A. A. B., Alotib, . F. A. H., Kumar, . S. & Bekdash, . A. (2023) Detection and quantification of 4-fluoro MDMB-BUTINACA in herbal products using GC-MS. IJMDC, 7 (7), 966-973. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1671492673

Turabian Style

Alharthi, Ahmed Eadhah, Turki Ayed Alharthi, Abdullah Zaid Almeshari, Abdullah Abdulrahman Alhokair, Ali Lafa Almutiri, Abdullah Abdulrahman Bin Shalhoub, Fahad Abdulrahman Hadi Alotib, Sachil Kumar, and Abdulassalam Bekdash. 2023. Detection and quantification of 4-fluoro MDMB-BUTINACA in herbal products using GC-MS. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 7 (7), 966-973. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1671492673

Chicago Style

Alharthi, Ahmed Eadhah, Turki Ayed Alharthi, Abdullah Zaid Almeshari, Abdullah Abdulrahman Alhokair, Ali Lafa Almutiri, Abdullah Abdulrahman Bin Shalhoub, Fahad Abdulrahman Hadi Alotib, Sachil Kumar, and Abdulassalam Bekdash. "Detection and quantification of 4-fluoro MDMB-BUTINACA in herbal products using GC-MS." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 7 (2023), 966-973. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1671492673

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Alharthi, Ahmed Eadhah, Turki Ayed Alharthi, Abdullah Zaid Almeshari, Abdullah Abdulrahman Alhokair, Ali Lafa Almutiri, Abdullah Abdulrahman Bin Shalhoub, Fahad Abdulrahman Hadi Alotib, Sachil Kumar, and Abdulassalam Bekdash. "Detection and quantification of 4-fluoro MDMB-BUTINACA in herbal products using GC-MS." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 7.7 (2023), 966-973. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1671492673

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Alharthi, A. E., Alharthi, . T. A., Almeshari, . A. Z., Alhokair, . A. A., Almutiri, . A. L., Shalhoub, . A. A. B., Alotib, . F. A. H., Kumar, . S. & Bekdash, . A. (2023) Detection and quantification of 4-fluoro MDMB-BUTINACA in herbal products using GC-MS. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 7 (7), 966-973. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1671492673

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