International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries (IJMDC) is a peer-reviewed medical journal published for health care professionals.
The journal is accredited by the Ministry of Culture and Media, Saudi Arabia المملكة العربية السعودية - وزارة الثقافة والإعلام . The journal has an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) 1658-7820 registered via King Fahad National Library, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Our mission is to provide relevant, useful, and up-to-date medical information to help healthcare providers solve clinical problems and improve patient care. With contributions from physicians, dentists, medical students and researchers from around the world, IJMDC provides a platform for the recent developments across many medicine and dentistry specialties, particularly from the developing world.
Each issue contains original research, academic review articles, health outcomes articles, case reports and basic research to assist health care professionals in making decisions by including the latest techniques and treatment options for treating their patients.
More than 9 authors (students/interns) are not acceptable until there is a special justification. For the articles authored by students/interns, they must include their research supervisor or consultant as co-author (9 students + 1 Supervisor/Consultant/Prof). Please see our Guide for Authors for more details.
2026, Vol: 10, Issue: 9
IJMDC. Year: 2026, Volume: 10 , Issue: 9 Original Article- Factors affecting the continuation of exclusive breastfeeding among working mothers in Alhasa
Mariyyah Ahmed Alamer, Mohammed Alwabari, Abdulmohsin Alhajiri, Batool Alrashed
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2565-2572
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1753861150
Original Article- Clinical outcomes of overweight and obese patients in a lifestyle medicine clinic at PHCC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, December 2024: a retrospective observational study
Sulaiman Mohammed A. Alahmad, Ammar Abbas, Ayman Afify Konswa
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2573-2579
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1754435066
Original Article- Assessing family physicians’ confidence and competence in diagnosing and managing mental illnesses in primary healthcare settings in Saudi Arabia
Oqab Abdulwahab Alzahrany, Ibrahim Althiyabi, Abdullah Ahmed Alsubhi, Abdulelah Saad Alshamrani, Mohammed Abdullah Almutawa, Sultan Misfe Alzahrani, Amr Almousa, Mulham Hariri, Ziyad Eshaq Qari Shehab Aldeen
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2580-2588
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1769515617
Original Article- The impact of self-management and asthma control level on quality of life among asthmatic patients in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Jana Jamil Almatrafi, Shaikhah Abdulmohsin Bin Homaid, Mohammed E. Shaybah, Mohammed Adel Bafaqih, Aljauhra Saeed Alqarni, Shahad A. Warsi, Ruba Mohammed Althunayyan, Mokhtar Shatla
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2589-2604
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1776872513
Original Article- Awareness and risk factors of diaper dermatitis among children in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia
Sarah Abdullah Aldossary, Ajlan Alajlani, Sarah Almulla, Aljawhara Alomair, Latifa Alamiri, Heba Alojail
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2605-2612
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1778428521
Original Article- Prevalence of poor sleep quality and its association with gastrointestinal symptoms among adults in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Fatimah Abdullah Almaymuni, Rana Saud Alotaibi, Amal Faez Almasoudi, Lama Marshad Alshammari, Nada Abdullah Alanazi, Reem Saad Albeladi, Mohammad Nasser Aldosari
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2613-2620
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1780421721
Original Article- Pattern, type of amputation, and mortality rate associated with diabetic foot in Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Turki A Qari, Azizah M Al Barakati, Mona H Tayib, Ghidi K Saddiqi, Abdulrahman A Alharthi, Khalid M Nahar, Rani A Alsairafi
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2621-2627
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1780440331
Original Article- Prevalence of shoulder pain and shoulder related disability among adults in the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia
Nabeel A. Madkhali, Naif M. Alshamrani, Mohammed H. Ghasham, Turki I. Aljezani, Salman M. Jathmi, Ahmed K. Moafa, Mohammed B. Altherwi, Yazeed A. Alrajhi, Alsharari Rayan Saud S, Hadi A. Hakami, Ahmed Y. Almindil, Ahmed W. Turkistani, Alhussein B. Alsultan, Hassan A. Ajimi, Anas E. Ahmed
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2628-2640
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1781569317
Original Article- Burden, trends, and forecasts of ischemic heart disease in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries, 1990 to 2023: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study 2023
Raghad Ali Alhebshi, Hasnah Hawsawi, Mada Aljedaany, Abdulrahman Alshayea, Lama Alkhlaiwi, Salma Bakheit, Rubeen Alayash, Alanoud Saleh Albuloshi, Remas Alqahtani, Raghad Albaqami, Yasser Alalhareth
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2641-2649
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1782646893
Original Article- Awareness, attitude, and knowledge regarding sports medicine among medical students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Akram N. Alhazmi, Abdulrahman M. Elnasieh, Atheer Alturki, Razan Alhadlaq, Faisal Bin Huwaidi, Asrar A. Alahmadi, Alaa Omar Abusarir, Yara Alharbi, Aseel Turki Alturki
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2650-2657
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1782820671
Original Article- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward hair loss (Alopecia) and its treatment options among the general population of Jazan, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Amany I Mashi, Mutaz M Zogail, Rauf M Mawkili, Atheer A Buayti, Mohammed H Ghasham, Norah A Alhazmi, Rimas A Sumayli, Abdulrahman M Aloufi, Mohammed A Alsubaie, Mohammed M Akkam, Khalid M Albasheit, Atheer Y Awaji, Naseem A Fqiry, Abdullah Maashi, Emtenan A Mawkili
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2658-2667
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1783277642
Original Article- Spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery: knowledge and barriers among women in the western region, Saudi Arabia
Abdullah S. Alibrahim, Dalia Mohammed Almutaz, Diaa Yosif Bukhari, Lina Tariq Alamoudi, Abdulaziz Alhossaini Felemban, Shahad Abdullah Alfahmi, Abdullah Alhussaini Felemban, Nawaf Meshal Alhassani, Mohammad Mahmoud Alkot
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2668-2676
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1783320036
Original Article- Knowledge and awareness of drug overdose in emergency departments among primary health care workers in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia
Hussam Ishag Isa, Abdulelah Amin Sait, Mamdouh Saeedan Alqurashi, Shomokh Faisal Alotaibi, Mohammed Jafar Khusayfan, Hisham Fouzan Almatrfi, Abdullah Sallah Alibrahim, Ibrahim Mohammed Jely, Mohammad Mahmoud Alkot
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2677-2684
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1783352959
Original Article- Therapeutic landscape of sepsis management in the ICU: a descriptive analysis of clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov
Nawaf Saleh A. Althobaiti, Raneem Fahad Alharbi, Hamad Mutleq Alotaibi, Mawaddah Hamed Aljohani, Noor G. Mohamed, Naif Fahad Alzaidi, Sultan Abdulaziz Aldawsari, Noura M. Alarjani, Ahmed Abdulkhaleq Alharthi, Thamer Abdullah Althobaiti
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2685-2692
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1783353947
Original Article- Awareness regarding smokeless tobacco (Shamma) as a cause of oral cancer in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia: a cross sectional study
Raghad Faisal Aljuhani, Khalid Sultan Alrougi, Badr Salem Alsaeedi, Mais Mulham Alkubaisi, Khalid Bandr Bahadad, Ahmed Anas Alshanqiti, Ahmad Mohammed Alawi, Yazeed Abdullah Alyasi, Naif Bawazeer
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2693-2702
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1783517476
Original Article- Beyond clinical suspicion: the crucial role of histological confirmation in pyogenic granuloma diagnosis
Shaikah Al-aojan, Lena Defallah G Alzahrani, Rahaf Alshareef, Nasser Almulhim, Luluah Al-mubarak
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2703-2706
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1783880788
Original Article- Human papillomavirus knowledge and vaccine acceptability among Saudi parents regarding their children: a cross-sectional study at MNGHA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Haya Al Fozan, Asma Alanazi, Hamad Alkhalaf, Maha Almalki, Maha Alghamdi, Lulu Almutlaq, Fatima Alaqoul
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2707-2716
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1784122728
Original Article- Prevalence and associated factors of insomnia among healthcare workers in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study 2026
Rawan Mansor Alanezi, Amal Qatif Alashjaee, Hamza M. Omer, Ziyad Mansour Alanazi, Faris Faez Alanazi, Waleed Mansor Alanazi
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2717-2724
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1784201787
Original Article- Prevalence of depression and anxiety in cancer patients receiving palliative care at King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Hafez Ghanem, Abdulelah Ahmed Jey, Abdullah Ali Alghamdi, Abdulkareem Fatani, Fatimah Yahya Asiri, Asaad Mohammed Azzah
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2725-2734
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1784491919
Original Article- Relationship between healthful behaviors and likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in Madina Region: a cross-sectional study
Yousef Abdullah Rahmatullah, Abdulkarim Abdulsalam Alrehaili, Tariq Abdulrahman Alharbi, Fahad Khalaf Alharbi, Saleh Aqeel Albalawi, Bader Abdulmohsen Alahmadi, Ahmad Sayed Metwally
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2735-2743
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1784553992
Original Article- Tuberculosis infection-control knowledge and practices among healthcare workers in primary health centers in Buraidah
Ibrahim Fahad Alahmed, Abdulmajeed Ahmed Aldosaimani, Daliyah Faihan Alotaibi, Fayssal Farahat
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2744-2752
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1785157418
Original Article- Awareness, attitude, and practice related to deficiencies in vitamin D, zinc, and ferritin and the risk of hair loss in the Makkah region, Saudi Arabia
Khalid Sultan Alrougi, Tala Aiman Zamil, Badr Monawar Alotaibi, Moroj Mohammed Alzahrani, Riham Abdullah Almuqati, Manar Eid Al Mutairi, Khalid Bandr Bahadad, Nada Ahmed Mohammed, Saud Abdulhadi Alshamrani, Omar Abdulrahman Alghamdi, Mohammad Alkot
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2753-2760
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1785513997
Review Article- Intravenous ketamine compared to intranasal esketamine for treatment resistant major depressive disorder. a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials for efficacy and pharmacovigilance outcomes
Osama Homod Aldoweesh, Reham Taresh Ghazwani, Joud Aldhahery, Anhar Mohammed, Moath Alkathiri, Fahad Almatham, Ahmed Y. Azzam
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2761-2773
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1774801754
Review Article- The impact of social media on adolescent mental health: a systematic review
Ibrahim H. Althomali, Muhannad M. Alqurashi, Abdullah M. Alshehri
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2774-2784
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1778010392
Review Article- Anoplasty for acquired anal stenosis in adults: techniques, outcomes, and evidence-based selection
Faisal Alharthi, Alhussien Alzein, Mohammed Alzahrani, Naif Alharthi, Alaa Magdy, Mohamed Youssef
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2785-2794
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1778933238
Review Article- The efficacy and safety of adalimumab compared to other biologics for hidradenitis suppurativa: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis
Rifal Alhumaid, Luluh Alali, Mohammed Alali, Areen Almatham, Nouf Alkhalifah, Lama Alhrbi, Taif Alsayid, Shoug Naser Soudan Alenezi, Abdullah Alajaji
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2795-2802
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1779199371
Review Article- The prognostic value of systemic immune-inflammation index in heart failure: systematic review and diagnostic test accuracy meta-analysis
Neyaf Nouh, Alyazid Alanazi, Abdullah Aldakhil, Naif Alghassab, Mohammed Alotaibi, Abdullah Alobodi, Fahad Alzahrani, Abdullah Alghamdi, Bader Aldhafeeri, Mohammad Alshammri
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2803-2810
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1782338494
Review Article- Impact of psychological stress on kidney stone formation and lower urinary tract symptoms: a systematic review
Mohannad Alharbi, Mohammed Yousef Alfurayhi, Omar Saleh Aldhuwayhi, Abdulmalik Yousef Aldebasi, Khaled Mounir Almoutairi, Ibrahim Almohaimeed, Rayan Mohammed Alsuhaibani, Ziyad Mohammed Alsughayyir, Salman Abdulrahman Alghamdi, Tarek Mashel M Alharbi, Faris Hamad Alneghimshi, Hajar Almutairi, Abdulelah Mohammad Alhassan, Yousef Jamal Aldaher, Reema Abdullah Alhoushani
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2811-2821
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1782340559
Review Article- Outcomes of early versus delayed cardioversion in atrial fibrillation presenting to the emergency department: a systematic review
Eman Ghazi Bakr Darwish, Shatha Nasser Khalid Alburayh, Abdulaziz Mohammed Alhomaidi
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2822-2829
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1783015977
Review Article- Piperacillin-tazobactam versus meropenem and the risk of acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Sarah Ibrahim Thanoon, Anwar Ahmed Omar Khudari, Joud Mohammad Adil Ramadan, Saad Saeed Saad Alharthi, Syeda Rutaba Asad, Shaikh Muhammad Saif Ud Din, Mawaddah Mohammed Fadhil Ibrahim, Sulwan Mujahid Algain
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2830-2839
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1783425050
Review Article- Awareness and knowledge of venous thromboembolism among the general public and at-risk groups: a narrative review
Hossam Shaabi
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2840-2848
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1783472018
Review Article- Safety and efficacy of continuous terlipressin infusion in hepatorenal syndrome–acute kidney injury: a systematic review
Naif Awadh Alghamdi, Abdullah Alsalamah, Rayan Alsofyan, Sami Alshammari
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2849-2855
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1783753724
Review Article- Safety and efficacy of small incision lenticule extraction combined with prophylactic corneal cross-linking (SMILE-Xtra) for myopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Meaad Ahmed Alshamrani, Bushra Khalid Al Sannah, Abdalrhman Saud Alblwan, Areej Mutlaq Alosaimi, Mohannad Abdulkhaleq Alshehri, Omar Gharmallah Alghamdi, Rana Mansour Almutairi, Tala Abdulaziz Almeghiwli, Yousef Alotaibi, Yousef Amin Alsayed
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2856-2866
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1783777528
Review Article- Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and the risk of pregnancy-associated stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis by stroke subtype
Jihan Yousuf Maslamani, Yasser Ali Khoshaim, Obai T. Mesawa, Ahmed Azhar Anwar Alaqqad, Amal Anwar Alshaikh, Elaf Naif Alshaikh, Hala Sameer Sindi, Tala Kamil Tamim, Othman Mohammed O. Alamoudi, Manar Fahad Omar Alkhanbashi, Basem Muwaffaq Mufti, Alwaleed Khalid Shaher Alabdali
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2867-2876
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1783861441
Review Article- Switching to faricimab in anti-VEGF refractory macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Meaad Ahmed Alshamrani, Abdulrhman A. Almazrou, Jana Ahmed Alshehri, Jana Nasser Alasmari, Leen Saleh Al-wagdani, Nujud Hameed Alrashidi, Remas Yousef Hakami, Ruba Hassan Alharthi, Wasan Abdullah Alahmad, Weaam Ibrahim Alazwari
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2877-2884
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1783865768
Review Article- Return to sport after total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review
Saad Alghnimei, Sultan Ayed K Alanazi, Meshari Owaid H Alanazi, Abdullah Qasem Alruwaili, Motaz Abdulsalam A Alkhaldi, Abdulelah Ayad A Alruwaili, Ahmed Mohammed A Alkathiri, Khalid Nafel A Alruwaili
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2885-2898
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1784293734
Review Article- Breast emergencies: a review of pathology, diagnostics, and management trends
Kamal Hazem A Salama, Hend Osama Almerdas, Abdullah Alzahrani, Ghalia Jadkareem
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2899-2907
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1784463764
Review Article- Effectiveness of probiotics in preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Fahad Bin Qashan, Abdulaziz Alsahli, Khaled Alotaibi, Riyadh Al-zahrani, Rahaf Alghabban, Wateen Alahmadi, Rewa Alsharif, Shahad Alrufaydi, Sarah Aldossary, Reema Alamri, Khaled Hashim Mahmoud
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2908-2919
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1784926623
Review Article- Middle meningeal artery embolization plus standard care for chronic or non acute subdural hematoma: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of 6 randomized controlled trials
Roaa Alzaydi, Renad Almashyakhi, Hala Alduribi, Abdulrahman Alshayea, Nawaf Alharbi, Mohammed Alasmari, Mohammed Alharthi, Amal Alshaikh, Albaiyan Almasalami, Osama Althomali, Abdullah Tawakul
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2920-2933
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1785536046
Case Report- Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis triggered by amoxicillin clavulanate in a patient with severe atopic dermatitis successfully treated with etanercept: a case report
Deema Makkawi, Reem Alghamdi, Alshymaa Mofareh, Ghady Sambas, Khalid Al-hawsawi
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2934-2937
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1778692474
Original Article- Public awareness and utilization of urgent care centers in Hail, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study on their role in reducing non-emergency ED visits
Hind Naif Alshammari, Maryam Salamah Alanazi, Mishari Lafi Alenezi, Sulaiman Fraih Alshammari, Mada Omar Alshammari, Shaden Saud Alshammari, Nawaf Fahhad Alharbi
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2938-2947
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1781189593
Original Article- Prevalence and determinants of impostor syndrome among private medical college students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Omneya Ibrahim Youssef, Wasan Bandar Aljuaid, Rahaf Essam Alhazmi, Revan Fawaz Bukari, Raghad Hasan Banasser, Aneesa Mansoor Almirabi
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2948-2955
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1782307015
Original Article- Magnitude and determinants of knowledge, attitude, and practice of parents regarding diabetic retinopathy in their children with type 1 diabetes: a survey in Qassim, Saudi Arabia
Dora H Alharkan, Jood M Alsogaihi, Aseel M Alsamaani, Rola H Alseghair, Razan Aljameeli, Layla Abdullah Alajlan, Husam H Alahmadi
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2956-2962
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1783250844
Original Article- Evaluation of awareness of methamphetamine among society in the western region of Saudi Arabia: a cross sectional study
Abdulmajeed Awadh Almutaani, Sharaf Mohammed Alsharif, Abdullah Emad Eshan, Nawaf Emad Alahmadi, Abdulrahman Abdullah Hameed, Walid Yasser Alkarmo, Abdulmajeed Ahmed Alzahrani, Braa Khalid Dada, Hammam Abdullah Alghamdi, Ibrahim Mufadhi Alanazi
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2963-2970
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1784744682
Original Article- Association between multimorbidity and chronic pain among adults: a national analysis of NHIS data
Alboraa M. Alhejeili, Amr Abdelzaher Shaaban, Nada E. Alrasheed, Osama M. Alshanqiti, Bader T. Almutairi, Raghad M. Alsharif, Shahad A. Alharbi, Meshari A. Alrehaili, Hamad N. Alharbi, Ibrahim M. Alshanqiti
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2971-2977
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1785140714
Original Article- Therapeutic landscape of uterine fibroids management: a descriptive analysis of clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov
Inam S. Alhabib, Sarah Saleh Alzahrani, Shahad Mohammed Albalawi, Taif Adel Salem Alharbi, Shahad Abdulrahman Alharthi, Taif Ibrahim Aseri, Remas Hamed Almohammdi, Waad Mohammed Alshamrani
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2978-2985
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1785297645
Original Article- Maternal knowledge, practice, and attitude toward Vitamin D supplementation among children
Duaa Bakhshwin, Rana Aftan, Razan Alharbi, Ghadah Alghamdi, Ghadeer Almasoudi, Rahaf Badhawi, Dana Alhamdan, Reetal Alshohtey, Maryam Alshengiti, Layan Alsobhi, Mashael Alotaibi
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2986-2996
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1785398300
Original Article- Prevalence and pattern of coexisting autoimmune diseases among patients with autoimmune thyroid disease in Al-Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Mariam Saleh Alharbi, Lujain Hussain Almutairi, Razan Abdulaziz Almutairi, Alanoud Abdullah Alsufayri, Reema Metab Alharbi, Razan Ibrahim Alshudukhi, Noor Yousef Almohaimeed, Majd M. Alharbi, Ajwan Khaled Alqurishi, Abdulrahman Mohammed Alharbi
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2997-3004
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1785404036
Original Article- Prevalence and clinical presentation of chronic rhinosinusitis: a retrospective cohort study from a Tertiary Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Sameer Albahkaly, Asma Alomary, Ghala Aldarwish, Faris Alsaeedi, Mohammed Albogami, Alwaleed Alqahtani
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3005-3012
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1785421006
Original Article- Knowledge and attitude of women toward non-invasive prenatal testing in Saudi Arabia
Shomokh Alotaibi, Maya Alasmary, Lamyaa Alsaeedi, Raghad Alyoubi, Yasir Katib, Samah Himayda
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3013-3019
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1785942981
Original Article- Public awareness, knowledge, and confidence in emergency first aid during Hajj: a cross-sectional study in Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Basem Hasan Alshareef, Arwa Yasser Sadis, Roua Fahad Alghamdi, Moroj Mohammed Alzahrani, Ghidi Khaleel Saddiqi, Samer Fahad Alabdali, Abdullah Osamah Krenshi, Arwa Fadel Flemban
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3020-3027
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1786259025
Original Article- Prevalence and community awareness of atopic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and allergic conjunctivitis) in Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
Abdulaziz Mohammed Al Zahrani, Hassan Mahfouz Algahmdi, Alaa Mousa Alzahrani, Abdullah Dawood Alghamdi, Saad Alzahrani, Yazan Alghamdi, Mohammed Bander Alghamdi, Khalid Mohammed Al Zahrani, Faris Abdullah Alghamdi, Naif Abdullah Alghamdi
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3028-3036
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1786630028
Original Article- Appropriateness of proton pump inhibitor use among patients at King Faisal Hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Aseel Omar Banasir, Abdulmajeed Awadh Almutaani, Mohammad Abdulaziz Halawani, Walid Yasser Alkarmo, Baher Moamer Alwaraky, Sharaf Mohammed Alsharif, Khawlah Mohammed Alaklabi, Amar Mohammad Alkhotani, Hassan Abdullah Alsolami, Fahd Mohammed Almalki
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3037-3045
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1786944012
Original Article- Perceptions of surgical complication severity among patients: a comparison with the accordion severity grading system in Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia
Nawaf S. Bardwan, Ahad M. Alotaibi, Jory M. Altayyar, Anas S. Munshi, Asma A. Hamzah, Raghad S. Alqurashi, Jana T. Halawani, Rani A. Alsairafi
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3046-3065
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1786968719
Original Article- Association of Vitamin D Deficiency with Academic Performance, Pre-Examination Anxiety, and Symptoms of Hypovitaminosis D Among Secondary School Students in Taif City, Saudi Arabia
Lama A. Alkhaldi, Shaima S. Alrubie, Renad S. Alharthi, Jana S. Althobaiti, Thikra K. Aloufi, Abdulmajeed M. Algethami
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3066-3074
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1787059107
Original Article- Rate of early return visits to the emergency department at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah
Abdulaziz T. Nazer, Hanan A. Al Zahrani, Asseil Bossei, Muath H. Alharbi, Sarah Gotah, Waleed Malibari, Waleed Alshehri, Renad W. Alomari, Rami Hasanain, Ahmed Alghanmi, Mahmoud A. Wazzan, Haneen Khadawardi, Abdulelah Abualfraj
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3075-3081
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1787668499
Original Article- Beyond Hormones: thyroid disorders and the hidden burden on quality of life in Southern Saudi Arabia
Jalal Abu Halimah, Mohammad Jareebi, Zakaria Yahya Shubayli, Mohammed Yahya Shubayli, Sarah Bahakeem, Khalid Bakri, Ahmed Sabi, Abdulaziz Zaylaee, Zuhair Almunawwar, Eyad Omar, Ziyad Ibrahim Alamer, Abdullah Khudier, Abdulaziz Aqdi, Rayim Oraybi, Othman Iskander
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3082-3091
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1787916491
Original Article- Awareness of metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease and its determinants in the Makkah region, Saudi Arabia
Abdulrahman Abdullah Al Madhi, Abdulaziz Abdulrahman Almutairi, Ahmed Hani Babkour, Abdullah Mohammed Altantawi, Mohammed Hazzaa Alshareef, Ahmed Yasser Elgharw, Omar Yasser Elgharw, Abdulrahman Mohammed Bedaiwi, Mohammad Mahmoud Alkot
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3092-3099
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1788095827
Original Article- Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward Helicobacter pylori infection among the general population of Jazan, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Mohammed Ali Madkhali, Turki I. Aljezani, Mohammed H. Ghasham, Naif M. Alshamrani, Faris S. Alzahrani, Mays A. Muafa, Sarah A. Khubrani, Weaam A. Alfaifi, Sama M. Saabi, Rinas A. Majrashi, Ahd E. Jaraba, Mohannad A. Alhazmi, Bayan A. Qadiri, Abdulrahim M. Zangoti, Faisal M. Jathmi
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3100-3110
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1788102777
Original Article- Prevalence, incidence, and mortality of congenital heart disease among children in the Arabian Gulf Region (1990-2023)
Rayan I. Alodail, Tif S. Alghamdi, Ryof S. Al Fares, Rotana J. Masood, Rana A. Alshehri, Abdullah S. Alswat, Razan J. Almutairi, Khulud M. Alsulami, Tammam M. Alhalawani, Mazen Althobaiti
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3111-3124
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1788467988
Original Article- Knowledge gaps and misconceptions regarding shaken baby syndrome among adults in Saudi Arabia: evidence from a cross-sectional study in the Jazan Region
Hussein A. Moafa, Ebtiha E. Eltyeb, Sami A. Alhazmi, Ali A. Al-makramani, Mohammed H. Ghasham, Gassem A. Gohal, Mohammed A. Alqassim, Mai Mohamed Elhassan M. Elhassan, Rimas M. Al-ahmar, Atheer A. Homadi, Weaam A. Alfaifi, Rimas A. Zngwti, Shaima K. Khurmi, Raghd S. Ageeli, Hashem A. Al-makramani
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3125-3133
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1788537821
Original Article- Awareness of the Al Qunfudhah population regarding laparoscopic cholecystectomy and complications
Arwa Hamad Alquzi, Wafa Hussain Alzubaidi, Omnia Talee Alkinani, Wejdan Omar Alnashri, Ibtisam Abdulrahman Alkinani, Sarah Rajeh Al-zubaidi, Mohamed E. Salih
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3134-3145
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1789151065
Review Article- Advances and ongoing controversies in patent foramen ovale closure and cryptogenic stroke: a 2025 review
Abdullah K. Dakhel, Fahad A. Alqeaid, Moath M. Almutlaq, Sultan H. Alharbi, Mohammed K. Dakhel, Abdulelah M. Alrubayan, Abdulhadi A. Alharbi, Abdulrahman Alsaykhan, Saud W. Alqahtani, Abdulelah A. Alotaibi, Abdullah H. Alharbi
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3146-3152
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1752687807
Review Article- Association between skin fungal infections and psoriasis: systematic review
Turki Saeed Alkahtani, Sarah Saad Alamer, Abdulaziz Ahmed Alomari, Suliman Khalid Alkhudairy, Fahad Mansour Alrowili, Hanan Almeshal
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3153-3158
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1780538078
Review Article- Exploring the role of emotional intelligence in healthcare leadership: a systematic review
Maram Aljohani, Giampiero Favato
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3159-3165
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1781005408
Review Article- The efficacy and safety of regional vs general anesthesia in elderly surgical patients: a systematic review
Mahir Mazin Alsinnari, Abdullah Abdulrhman Bin Bakor, Abdulmajeed Mohameed Alnahdi, Mohammed Bakr Mohammed Bosaeed
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3166-3173
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1781216022
Review Article- Palliative care interventions in intensive care units and their impact on family satisfaction and end-of-life decision-making: systematic review and meta-analysis
Nadiyah Abdullah Ramdan Almuntashiri, Mohammed Hassan Mohammed Albarakati, Amlak Hadi Essa Alshammari, Maied Zaher Ali Alshehery, Abdulhakeem Ahmad Assiri, Alaa Aedh Mushabab Alfayi, Mohammad Kalid Said Halabi, Yazeed Abdulsalam Abdulrahman Alsulaiman
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3174-3187
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1782310563
Review Article- Immunological changes in diabetic patients and the role of Vitamin D in modulating immune response
Saud Abdulmohsen Alrajeh, Nasir A. Ali, Reema Raid Albaradie, Mamdouh Ahmed Alhamoud, Omar Abdulaziz Almeshal, Reef Saleh Alaybani, Faisal Mohammed Al Owayn, Hassan Saleem M. Alsharari, Alhomidy M. Alharby Mohammad, Ayed Abdulfattah A. Alrayyes
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3188-3196
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1784018484
Review Article- Diagnostic accuracy of bedside ultrasound for testicular torsion performed by emergency physicians
Nasir A. Ali, Abdullah Omar A. Alnomany, Fahad Saleem G. Alatawi, Zaid Mansour Lkhathlan, Turki Saleh Almutairi, Abdulkarim Fawaz Alabdulkarim, Waleed Khalid Aldajani, Waleed Khalid Almutairi, Faisal Abdu M. Otain, Saleh Mansour Alobisy, Abdullah S. Almutairi
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3197-3204
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1784024818
Review Article- A narrative review of pancreatic cyst guidelines, AI-based risk assessment, and endoscopic ablation: where do we stand after Kyoto 2024?
Abdulwahab Meqbel, Saad Alwadai, Ghadah Alnikaiden, Renad Aljasser, Fares Alghamdi, Abdulrahman Muqbil, Ohud Alobaid, Mutaz Alamri, Abdullah Althobaiti, Bader Alotibi
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3205-3215
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1784818719
Review Article- Public awareness of emergency department triage systems in Saudi Arabia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and associated factors
Ali Saud Alsaud, Faisal Ahmad Alaboodi, Faisal Abdulrahman Abolhaj, Haitham Shaffaqah Alanazi, Abdullah Saleh Almutairi, Abdullah Abdulaziz Al-quair, Faisal Sulaiman Alkhedhairi, Malek Khaled Almarzuqi, Khalid Sulaiman Alhendi, Abdullah Saleh Almithn, Zeyad Fahad Al-nugimashi, Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsuhaibani
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3216-3225
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1784857553
Review Article- Efficacy and safety of basal insulin combined with GLP-1 receptors agonists versus intensified conventional insulin regimens in type 2 diabetes: a meta analysis of randomized controlled trials
Sarah Albishri, Reema Alshaya, Eyas Al-harbi, Alshayma Alharbi, Lujain Alharbi, Muath Alferadi, Yara Alfuraydi, Ahmed Alzahrani, Mathahir Almeshal, Rand Mohammed Alqahtani, Khalid Abdulrahman Althobaiti
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3226-3247
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1785039096
Review Article- Single-stage versus two-stage management for choledocholithiasis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with subgroup analysis by follow-up duration
Hosam Hadi Awaji, Abdallah Ali M Alahmary, Haya Mohammed Alsubaie, Lulwah Hussam Al Alshaikh, Jori Khalid Albarrak, Maryam Salah Albalawi, Amjed Hamdan Salem Alatawi, Bader Ghanem Aldhafeeri, Abdulrahman Mohammed Alghamdi
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3248-3258
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1785335623
Review Article- From detection to care: referral and diagnostic completion after school based hearing screening in children—a systematic review
Sumaiyah Bukhari, Obai T. Mesawa, Lana Madani Alomar, Rayyan Abdulraheem Mohammed Alkenany, Ahmed Waheeb, Esam Sameer Alharbi, Faisal Essam H. Rajkhan, Sarah Hatem Talab, Abdullah Abdulhameed Alolyan, Alwaleed K. Alabdali
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3259-3268
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1785675286
Review Article- The interrelationship between acne and depression: a systematic review
Ziad M. Alshaalan, Taif Abdullah A. Alqahtani, Miad Khamis M Alsaiari, Ghzlan Hadi Al-ajbi, Hind Hussain Alghtani, Alhanouf Mofareh H Almakhalas, Fatimah Mohammed Al Kulaib, Nouf Ali Alsaiari, Mohammed Ali Al-mutarid
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3269-3278
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1786033090
Review Article- Preoperative detection of uterine leiomyosarcoma: current evidence on imaging, radiomics/AI, and biomarkers: a review article
Ahmed M. Khatry, Thamer G. Alghamdi, Ahmad Badeghiesh
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3279-3285
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1786039595
Review Article- Comparative safety of sugammadex versus neostigmine for reversal of neuromuscular blockade in children: a systematic review of randomized and non-randomized studies with an integrated pharmacovigilance strand
Rawan Ali Alsaadi, Ahmed Abdullah Alsalmi, Ayah Wael Abed, Jillan Ahmed Althubaiti, Jawaher Yasser Bahaydarah, Noura Ehab M. Aljehani, Obai T. Mesawa, Alwaleed K. Alabdali
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3286-3303
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1786249458
Review Article- Global research landscape of diabetes mellitus type 2 in the SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists era: a bibliometric analysis of the top 1000 publications
Abdulrahman Alobaid, Fahd Aljohani, Faisal Alsolami, Leena Alamri, Abdulbasit Bugis, Aryam Aljohani, Rahaf Alamri, Najwan Abuaba, Badr Mohammed Madani
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3304-3313
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1786306992
Review Article- Antibiotic prescribing practices for pediatric acute respiratory infections in primary healthcare settings in Saudi Arabia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Najim Zafer Alshahrani, Nada Tariq Saad Al Al-ammar, Ranaa Mohammed Alnamar, Lama Moshabab Alshahrani, Shahad Ali Mohammed Aboud, Mariah Saeed Alqarni, Anas Yahya S. Alasiri, Faisal Mohammed Alanazi, Suhail Mohammed Musleh Al Abbas, Alhassan Sahib Mohammed Alabbas
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3314-3323
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1786984507
Review Article- Unplanned emergency department revisits after discharge for acute renal colic or ureteric stone: a systematic review of rates, reasons, and predictors
Badr Saadawi, Obai T. Mesawa, Akram Sami M. Alghamdi, Ahmed Mamdouh Masri, Albasil Hamoud E. Badawi, Abdulaziz Mohammed Yahya Hassan, Mohammed Habib Saleh Aljorfi, Wid Tariq Alshaikh, Alwaleed K. Alabdali
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3324-3333
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1787055054
Review Article- Supraglottic airway devices versus endotracheal tube in nasal and paranasal sinus surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Lama Abdulaziz A. Alshahrani, Rasil Essa M. Alqahtani, Abdullah Mohammed Alghamdi, Abdullah Faisal Alrashid, Sultan Khalid Alsubaie, Anas Amin Faydh, Ahmad Ziyad Azzouz, Mohammed Abdullah Alamri, Lana Bandar Altowairqi, Rahmah Ali Alhumayani, Abdullah Ahmed Alhelali
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3334-3344
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1787278463
Review Article- Association between anxiety disorders and hyperthyroidism: a systematic review
Khalil Ibrahim Bograin, Bshayer Shaker Alzawad, Zainab Abdullah Alhassan, shorouq Hassan Al Rebh, ramlah Sameer Alkhars, Noufa Saleh Alsubaie Saleh Alsubaie, Noor Ibraheem Bukhamsin, Maryam Hussain Alayesh, Fatin Abdulhmeed Aljaafar, Bayan Abdulrahman Alsultan, Ohood Ahmed Albahrani, Zahra Zaki Aljasass
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3345-3356
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1787684480
Review Article- Ionized hypocalcemia as a modifiable determinant of trauma-induced coagulopathy: a narrative review of the pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic thresholds, and empiric calcium repletion in massive transfusion protocols
Wasan Ali Alasmri, Dana Jameel Alhubayshi, Saja Yousef Alsulami, Rama Alsobhi, Retal Istanbuly, Sawsan Tawfiq Hanafi
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3357-3365
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1788271678
Review Article- Finerenone and cardiorenal outcomes in diabetic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial evidence
Hosam Hadi Awaji, Abubakr Ahmad Bajaber, Bdullah Mohammed Al Nebaihi, Lubna Mohammed Saeidalamin, Zyad Abdulrahman Algolkhof, Awatif Jubran Hazazi, Omar Ahmad Muflih Alenazi, Shahad Obaidallah Almutairi, Khadijah Reda Almubasher, Majd Hassan Alhuthayfi
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3366-3373
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1788434001
Review Article- Prevalence of celiac disease in children and adolescents in the Middle East and North Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Eyad Saud Alhudaithi, Ahmed Fehaid Alqarni, Amal Yasser Alawami, Jori Khaled Alkhriji, Lima Naif Alhadi, Mawadah Mahmoud Junaid, Shahd Murad Alshowaikhat, Thana Abdullah Aldulayqan, Razan Saad Alzhrani
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3374-3382
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1788443184
Review Article- Perioperative remimazolam for prevention of emergence agitation after nasal surgery in adults: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Ghadah Alanazi, Maysam Alamri, Dalaa Alshahrani, Lama Almutairi, Jawad Muqayyim, Raneem Alghanmi, Lamyaa Albaqami, Sarah Alatawi, Lamis Alshehri, Khalid Althubyani, Hassan Moria
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3383-3393
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1788526270
Review Article- Reconsidering reconstructive choice in nasal defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis of local flaps versus full-thickness skin grafts
Mohammed A. Zailai, Osama A. Mobarki, Atlal M. Sayed, Ghufran A. Almowalad, Hussain M. Reda, Faris A. Albariqi, Dalal M. Alatawi, Ragad F. Alzahrani, Maryam S. Khubrani, Rafal H. Daghriri, Duaa A. Faheem, Sarah H. Alwakeel, Alaa H. Hakami
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3394-3399
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1788619100
Review Article- Prevalence of knee osteoarthritis and associated risk factors in Saudi Arabia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Najim Zafer Alshahrani, Rawan Awdah Almarwani, Mohammed Abdulaziz Almarshud, Mohammed Nasser S. Alsharaif, Alhassan Mahdi H. Al Jumhur, Tareg Ali Alshamrani, Osama Jazzaa O. Alkhamali, Sultan Abdullah A. Alzahrani, Nemer Amer Alismail, Rayan Saad Alessawi, Bander Fahad M. Alamri
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3400-3409
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1789157401
Review Article- Effectiveness of AI-assisted clinical decision support tools for chronic disease management: a systematic review
Raghad Sami Abdullah, Mada Ibrahim Abdulhaq, Waad Mohmmd Jli, Saja Hassan Almadani, Gwally Adel Al Hazmi, Fatma Azzam Oun, Layal Amin Aljefri, Abeer Osama Ismail, Reemeyah Abdulaziz Aljohani
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3410-3416
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1789203732
Case Report- A case report of phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor-induced osteomalacia
Lina T. Hijazi, Rahf A. Aman, Rahaf M. Almoallim, Abdulmalik G. Abumohssin
IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 3417-3420
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1778012851