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2026, Vol: 10, Issue: 9
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Original Article
Online Published: 27 Aug 2026
 


Pattern, type of amputation, and mortality rate associated with diabetic foot in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Turki A Qari, Azizah M Al Barakati, Mona H Tayib, Ghidi K Saddiqi, Abdulrahman A Alharthi, Khalid M Nahar, Rani A Alsairafi.


Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to identify patterns, types of amputations, and assess the related mortality rate among patients with diabetic foot.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 266 patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) or gangrene treated at King Faisal Hospital, Makkah (2020–2025). Amputations were classified as minor or major.
Results: Amputation occurred in 97% of patients (64% minor, 36.4% major), predominantly due to infection (75.7%). Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission was 25.9%, and mortality was 14.7%. Minor amputations were associated with better survival, whereas major amputations, particularly above-knee, were associated with higher mortality (p-value < 0.05). ICU admission was the only independent predictor of mortality (p-value < 0.001).
Conclusion: In this study, DFU patients faced high amputation risks from infection and delayed treatment. Minor amputations were inversely linked to survival, while major amputations and ICU admission significantly increased mortality. Disease severity and progression drive mortality risk. This highlighted the critical need for prompt identification and early intervention to prevent advanced limb loss.

Key words: Pattern, type of amputation, mortality rate, diabetic foot, Makkah, Saudi Arabia


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Qari TA, Barakati AMA, Tayib MH, Saddiqi GK, Alharthi AA, Nahar KM, Alsairafi RA. Pattern, type of amputation, and mortality rate associated with diabetic foot in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2621-2627. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1780440331

Web Style

Qari TA, Barakati AMA, Tayib MH, Saddiqi GK, Alharthi AA, Nahar KM, Alsairafi RA. Pattern, type of amputation, and mortality rate associated with diabetic foot in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=323022 [Access: September 19, 2026]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1780440331

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Qari TA, Barakati AMA, Tayib MH, Saddiqi GK, Alharthi AA, Nahar KM, Alsairafi RA. Pattern, type of amputation, and mortality rate associated with diabetic foot in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2621-2627. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1780440331


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Qari TA, Barakati AMA, Tayib MH, Saddiqi GK, Alharthi AA, Nahar KM, Alsairafi RA. Pattern, type of amputation, and mortality rate associated with diabetic foot in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. (2026), [cited September 19, 2026]; 10(9): 2621-2627. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1780440331


Harvard Style

Qari, T. A., Barakati, . A. M. A., Tayib, . M. H., Saddiqi, . G. K., Alharthi, . A. A., Nahar, . K. M. & Alsairafi, . R. A. (2026) Pattern, type of amputation, and mortality rate associated with diabetic foot in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC, 10 (9), 2621-2627. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1780440331


Turabian Style

Qari, Turki A, Azizah M Al Barakati, Mona H Tayib, Ghidi K Saddiqi, Abdulrahman A Alharthi, Khalid M Nahar, and Rani A Alsairafi. 2026. Pattern, type of amputation, and mortality rate associated with diabetic foot in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 10 (9), 2621-2627. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1780440331


Chicago Style

Qari, Turki A, Azizah M Al Barakati, Mona H Tayib, Ghidi K Saddiqi, Abdulrahman A Alharthi, Khalid M Nahar, and Rani A Alsairafi. "Pattern, type of amputation, and mortality rate associated with diabetic foot in Makkah, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 10 (2026), 2621-2627. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1780440331


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Qari, Turki A, Azizah M Al Barakati, Mona H Tayib, Ghidi K Saddiqi, Abdulrahman A Alharthi, Khalid M Nahar, and Rani A Alsairafi. "Pattern, type of amputation, and mortality rate associated with diabetic foot in Makkah, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 10.9 (2026), 2621-2627. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1780440331


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Qari, T. A., Barakati, . A. M. A., Tayib, . M. H., Saddiqi, . G. K., Alharthi, . A. A., Nahar, . K. M. & Alsairafi, . R. A. (2026) Pattern, type of amputation, and mortality rate associated with diabetic foot in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 10 (9), 2621-2627. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1780440331




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