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2026, Vol: 10, Issue: 9
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Original Article
Online Published: 17 Aug 2026
 


Spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery: knowledge and barriers among women in the western region, Saudi Arabia

Abdullah S. Alibrahim, Dalia Mohammed Almutaz, Diaa Yosif Bukhari, Lina Tariq Alamoudi, Abdulaziz Alhossaini Felemban, Shahad Abdullah Alfahmi, Abdullah Alhussaini Felemban, Nawaf Meshal Alhassani, Mohammad Mahmoud Alkot.


Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to assess women’s knowledge, perceptions, and barriers regarding spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery in the western region of Saudi Arabia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 460 women in the western region of Saudi Arabia using a structured self-administered questionnaire. Data regarding sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric history, knowledge, and perceptions toward spinal anesthesia were collected.
Results: Among 460 participants, 436 (94.8%) were Saudi nationals, and 302 (65.7%) were married. High knowledge regarding spinal anesthesia was observed in 55% of participants, while 35% demonstrated moderate knowledge. Most participants correctly identified the injection site in the lower back (344, 74.8%) and recognized that mothers remain conscious during surgery (410, 89.1%). However, only 42 (9.1%) correctly identified bleeding disorders as a contraindication. Misconceptions regarding paralysis (214, 46.5%), chronic headaches (248, 53.9%), and painful injections (225, 48.9%) were common. High knowledge was significantly associated with age (p < 0.001), educational level (p = 0.010), previous cesarean sections (CSs) (p = 0.038), and monthly income (p = 0.044). Logistic regression identified previous CSs (aOR [adjusted odds ratio] = 1.688, p = 0.002) and preference for spinal anesthesia (aOR = 2.098, p = 0.001) as significant predictors of high knowledge.
Conclusion: Women demonstrated generally acceptable knowledge regarding spinal anesthesia; however, several misconceptions and fears persisted. Improved antenatal counseling and educational interventions are necessary to enhance awareness and reduce anxiety regarding spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery.

Key words: Spinal anesthesia, cesarean delivery, knowledge, perception, Saudi Arabia


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Alibrahim AS, Almutaz DM, Bukhari DY, Alamoudi LT, Felemban AA, Alfahmi SA, Felemban AA, Alhassani NM, Alkot MM. Spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery: knowledge and barriers among women in the western region, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2668-2676. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1783320036

Web Style

Alibrahim AS, Almutaz DM, Bukhari DY, Alamoudi LT, Felemban AA, Alfahmi SA, Felemban AA, Alhassani NM, Alkot MM. Spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery: knowledge and barriers among women in the western region, Saudi Arabia. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=326838 [Access: September 19, 2026]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1783320036

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Alibrahim AS, Almutaz DM, Bukhari DY, Alamoudi LT, Felemban AA, Alfahmi SA, Felemban AA, Alhassani NM, Alkot MM. Spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery: knowledge and barriers among women in the western region, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. 2026; 10(9): 2668-2676. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1783320036


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Alibrahim AS, Almutaz DM, Bukhari DY, Alamoudi LT, Felemban AA, Alfahmi SA, Felemban AA, Alhassani NM, Alkot MM. Spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery: knowledge and barriers among women in the western region, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. (2026), [cited September 19, 2026]; 10(9): 2668-2676. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1783320036


Harvard Style

Alibrahim, A. S., Almutaz, . D. M., Bukhari, . D. Y., Alamoudi, . L. T., Felemban, . A. A., Alfahmi, . S. A., Felemban, . A. A., Alhassani, . N. M. & Alkot, . M. M. (2026) Spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery: knowledge and barriers among women in the western region, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC, 10 (9), 2668-2676. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1783320036


Turabian Style

Alibrahim, Abdullah S., Dalia Mohammed Almutaz, Diaa Yosif Bukhari, Lina Tariq Alamoudi, Abdulaziz Alhossaini Felemban, Shahad Abdullah Alfahmi, Abdullah Alhussaini Felemban, Nawaf Meshal Alhassani, and Mohammad Mahmoud Alkot. 2026. Spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery: knowledge and barriers among women in the western region, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 10 (9), 2668-2676. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1783320036


Chicago Style

Alibrahim, Abdullah S., Dalia Mohammed Almutaz, Diaa Yosif Bukhari, Lina Tariq Alamoudi, Abdulaziz Alhossaini Felemban, Shahad Abdullah Alfahmi, Abdullah Alhussaini Felemban, Nawaf Meshal Alhassani, and Mohammad Mahmoud Alkot. "Spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery: knowledge and barriers among women in the western region, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 10 (2026), 2668-2676. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1783320036


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Alibrahim, Abdullah S., Dalia Mohammed Almutaz, Diaa Yosif Bukhari, Lina Tariq Alamoudi, Abdulaziz Alhossaini Felemban, Shahad Abdullah Alfahmi, Abdullah Alhussaini Felemban, Nawaf Meshal Alhassani, and Mohammad Mahmoud Alkot. "Spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery: knowledge and barriers among women in the western region, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 10.9 (2026), 2668-2676. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1783320036


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Alibrahim, A. S., Almutaz, . D. M., Bukhari, . D. Y., Alamoudi, . L. T., Felemban, . A. A., Alfahmi, . S. A., Felemban, . A. A., Alhassani, . N. M. & Alkot, . M. M. (2026) Spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery: knowledge and barriers among women in the western region, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 10 (9), 2668-2676. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1783320036




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