Knowledge and awareness of varicose veins and their associated risk factors among adults in the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia: a cross‑sectional study

Hossam I Shaabi; Mohammed H Ghasham; Turki I Aljezani; Naif M Alshamrani; Ahmed A Aldarsi; Asma M Altherwi; Asayil A Shabaani; Ahmed W Turkistani; Ibrahim A Houlbah; Nwaf Y Mokeli; Zaina H Alabdrabalridha; Thekra R Sagheer; Rahaf A Alrakhimi; Khaled M Moafa; Abdullah Y Maghlat

doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1782406159

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Original Article
Online Published: 10 Aug 2026

IJMDC. 2026; 10(8): 2281-2288

doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1782406159

Knowledge and awareness of varicose veins and their associated risk factors among adults in the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia: a cross‑sectional study

Hossam I. Shaabi, Mohammed H. Ghasham, Turki I. Aljezani, Naif M. Alshamrani, Ahmed A. Aldarsi, Asma M. Altherwi, Asayil A. Shabaani, Ahmed W. Turkistani, Ibrahim A. Houlbah, Nwaf Y. Mokeli, Zaina H. Alabdrabalridha, Thekra R. Sagheer, Rahaf A. Alrakhimi, Khaled M. Moafa, Abdullah Y. Maghlat.

Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and awareness of varicose veins and their associated risk factors among adults in the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia.
Methods: A cross‑sectional study was conducted among adults residing in the Jazan Region. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge of varicose veins. Knowledge was evaluated using a 27‑item scale covering symptoms, complications, risk factors, and preventive measures (KR‑20 = 0.876). Knowledge levels were classified using Bloom’s cut‑offs as low (<60%), intermediate (60%-79%), and high (≥80%).
Results: A total of 585 participants were included (mean age: 36.2 ± 13.8 years; 53.2% male). The mean knowledge score was 11.87 ± 6.2 out of 27, with a median score of 11 (IQR: 7‑16). Most participants demonstrated a low level of knowledge (470, 80.3%), while 61 (10.4%) had intermediate and 54 (9.2%) had high knowledge. Recognition was highest for avoiding prolonged standing as a preventive measure (79.0%) and lowest for chronic skin ulcers (18.6%), bleeding from vein rupture (20.0%), and previous leg venous thrombosis as a risk factor (23.9%). Occupation was the only independent predictor of adequate knowledge, with private/ self‑employed participants showing lower odds of adequate knowledge (adjusted OR = 0.43; 95% CI, 0.19 0.99; p‑value = 0.048).
Conclusion: This study showed that knowledge of varicose veins and their risk factors among adults in the Jazan region was generally low despite high educational attainment. Awareness initiatives should prioritize occupational settings and address gaps in understanding complications, risk factors, and evidence‑based preventive measures through professionally guided communication delivered on widely used platforms.

Key words: Knowledge, awareness, varicose veins, risk factors, Jazan, Saudi Arabia

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Pubmed Style

Shaabi HI, Ghasham MH, Aljezani TI, Alshamrani NM, Aldarsi AA, Altherwi AM, Shabaani AA, Turkistani AW, Houlbah IA, Mokeli NY, Alabdrabalridha ZH, Sagheer TR, Alrakhimi RA, Moafa KM, Maghlat AY. Knowledge and awareness of varicose veins and their associated risk factors among adults in the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia: a cross‑sectional study. IJMDC. 2026; 10(8): 2281-2288. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1782406159

Web Style

Shaabi HI, Ghasham MH, Aljezani TI, Alshamrani NM, Aldarsi AA, Altherwi AM, Shabaani AA, Turkistani AW, Houlbah IA, Mokeli NY, Alabdrabalridha ZH, Sagheer TR, Alrakhimi RA, Moafa KM, Maghlat AY. Knowledge and awareness of varicose veins and their associated risk factors among adults in the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia: a cross‑sectional study. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=325699 [Access: August 25, 2026]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1782406159

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Shaabi HI, Ghasham MH, Aljezani TI, Alshamrani NM, Aldarsi AA, Altherwi AM, Shabaani AA, Turkistani AW, Houlbah IA, Mokeli NY, Alabdrabalridha ZH, Sagheer TR, Alrakhimi RA, Moafa KM, Maghlat AY. Knowledge and awareness of varicose veins and their associated risk factors among adults in the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia: a cross‑sectional study. IJMDC. 2026; 10(8): 2281-2288. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1782406159

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Shaabi HI, Ghasham MH, Aljezani TI, Alshamrani NM, Aldarsi AA, Altherwi AM, Shabaani AA, Turkistani AW, Houlbah IA, Mokeli NY, Alabdrabalridha ZH, Sagheer TR, Alrakhimi RA, Moafa KM, Maghlat AY. Knowledge and awareness of varicose veins and their associated risk factors among adults in the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia: a cross‑sectional study. IJMDC. (2026), [cited August 25, 2026]; 10(8): 2281-2288. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1782406159

Harvard Style

Shaabi, H. I., Ghasham, . M. H., Aljezani, . T. I., Alshamrani, . N. M., Aldarsi, . A. A., Altherwi, . A. M., Shabaani, . A. A., Turkistani, . A. W., Houlbah, . I. A., Mokeli, . N. Y., Alabdrabalridha, . Z. H., Sagheer, . T. R., Alrakhimi, . R. A., Moafa, . K. M. & Maghlat, . A. Y. (2026) Knowledge and awareness of varicose veins and their associated risk factors among adults in the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia: a cross‑sectional study. IJMDC, 10 (8), 2281-2288. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1782406159

Turabian Style

Shaabi, Hossam I., Mohammed H. Ghasham, Turki I. Aljezani, Naif M. Alshamrani, Ahmed A. Aldarsi, Asma M. Altherwi, Asayil A. Shabaani, Ahmed W. Turkistani, Ibrahim A. Houlbah, Nwaf Y. Mokeli, Zaina H. Alabdrabalridha, Thekra R. Sagheer, Rahaf A. Alrakhimi, Khaled M. Moafa, and Abdullah Y. Maghlat. 2026. Knowledge and awareness of varicose veins and their associated risk factors among adults in the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia: a cross‑sectional study. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 10 (8), 2281-2288. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1782406159

Chicago Style

Shaabi, Hossam I., Mohammed H. Ghasham, Turki I. Aljezani, Naif M. Alshamrani, Ahmed A. Aldarsi, Asma M. Altherwi, Asayil A. Shabaani, Ahmed W. Turkistani, Ibrahim A. Houlbah, Nwaf Y. Mokeli, Zaina H. Alabdrabalridha, Thekra R. Sagheer, Rahaf A. Alrakhimi, Khaled M. Moafa, and Abdullah Y. Maghlat. "Knowledge and awareness of varicose veins and their associated risk factors among adults in the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia: a cross‑sectional study." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 10 (2026), 2281-2288. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1782406159

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Shaabi, Hossam I., Mohammed H. Ghasham, Turki I. Aljezani, Naif M. Alshamrani, Ahmed A. Aldarsi, Asma M. Altherwi, Asayil A. Shabaani, Ahmed W. Turkistani, Ibrahim A. Houlbah, Nwaf Y. Mokeli, Zaina H. Alabdrabalridha, Thekra R. Sagheer, Rahaf A. Alrakhimi, Khaled M. Moafa, and Abdullah Y. Maghlat. "Knowledge and awareness of varicose veins and their associated risk factors among adults in the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia: a cross‑sectional study." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 10.8 (2026), 2281-2288. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1782406159

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Shaabi, H. I., Ghasham, . M. H., Aljezani, . T. I., Alshamrani, . N. M., Aldarsi, . A. A., Altherwi, . A. M., Shabaani, . A. A., Turkistani, . A. W., Houlbah, . I. A., Mokeli, . N. Y., Alabdrabalridha, . Z. H., Sagheer, . T. R., Alrakhimi, . R. A., Moafa, . K. M. & Maghlat, . A. Y. (2026) Knowledge and awareness of varicose veins and their associated risk factors among adults in the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia: a cross‑sectional study. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 10 (8), 2281-2288. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1782406159

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