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2026, Vol: 10, Issue: 8
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Original Article
Online Published: 19 Jul 2026
 


Determinants of patient satisfaction following refractive surgery: a multivariable analysis of ocular surface symptoms and patients’ psychological and demographic profiles

Mohammed Q. Dibaji, Abdulaziz Ali Alagsam, Osama Ahmed Mobarki, Ahmed Y. Najmi, Seba Yahia Muzaiiadi, Abdulgader Khaled Basamad, Riyadh A. Jahlan, Revan Abdulrahman Arishi, Raum Abdu Ayoub, Osama A. Alhazmi, Abdulrahman F. Alshehri, Mustafa M. Bukhari, Mutaz Atwan Alshammari, Abdulrahman Salman Jathmi, Ali Ameen Alaithan.


Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the association of ocular surface symptoms, demographic factors, depression, and health anxiety with patient satisfaction after refractive surgery.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Saudi Arabia. A convenience sampling technique was used to recruit 509 participants, of whom 170 had undergone refractive surgery. Data collection was conducted online through social media platforms. Validated questionnaires, specifically Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), were used to assess ocular surface health, depression, and health anxiety.
Results: The majority (92.9%) of refractive surgery patients were satisfied with the results, while 7.1% reported being dissatisfied. Age was significantly associated with surgery satisfaction, with younger patients being more satisfied (p < 0.01). Smoking was also a significant factor, with patients who had never smoked being more satisfied (p < 0.01). The type of refractive surgery was significantly associated with patient satisfaction, with Femto-Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) and LASIK surgery patients being most satisfied. OSDI, health anxiety, and depression were not significantly associated with satisfaction.
Conclusion: This study found the overall refractive surgery satisfaction to be high, while about half the participants acknowledged that eye dryness, anxiety regarding eye health, and depression could influence satisfaction. Younger age, non-smoker status, and the procedure type were significant determinants of satisfaction. These findings emphasized the importance of patient education regarding initial symptoms and encouraged the establishment of procedure-specific aftercare.

Key words: Eye dryness, LASIK, depression, health anxiety, Saudi Arabia


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Dibaji MQ, Alagsam AA, Mobarki OA, Najmi AY, Muzaiiadi SY, Basamad AK, Jahlan RA, Arishi RA, Ayoub RA, Alhazmi OA, Alshehri AF, Bukhari MM, Alshammari MA, Jathmi AS, Alaithan AA. Determinants of patient satisfaction following refractive surgery: a multivariable analysis of ocular surface symptoms and patients’ psychological and demographic profiles. IJMDC. 2026; 10(8): 2267-2280. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1782242145

Web Style

Dibaji MQ, Alagsam AA, Mobarki OA, Najmi AY, Muzaiiadi SY, Basamad AK, Jahlan RA, Arishi RA, Ayoub RA, Alhazmi OA, Alshehri AF, Bukhari MM, Alshammari MA, Jathmi AS, Alaithan AA. Determinants of patient satisfaction following refractive surgery: a multivariable analysis of ocular surface symptoms and patients’ psychological and demographic profiles. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=325481 [Access: August 25, 2026]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1782242145

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Dibaji MQ, Alagsam AA, Mobarki OA, Najmi AY, Muzaiiadi SY, Basamad AK, Jahlan RA, Arishi RA, Ayoub RA, Alhazmi OA, Alshehri AF, Bukhari MM, Alshammari MA, Jathmi AS, Alaithan AA. Determinants of patient satisfaction following refractive surgery: a multivariable analysis of ocular surface symptoms and patients’ psychological and demographic profiles. IJMDC. 2026; 10(8): 2267-2280. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1782242145


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Dibaji MQ, Alagsam AA, Mobarki OA, Najmi AY, Muzaiiadi SY, Basamad AK, Jahlan RA, Arishi RA, Ayoub RA, Alhazmi OA, Alshehri AF, Bukhari MM, Alshammari MA, Jathmi AS, Alaithan AA. Determinants of patient satisfaction following refractive surgery: a multivariable analysis of ocular surface symptoms and patients’ psychological and demographic profiles. IJMDC. (2026), [cited August 25, 2026]; 10(8): 2267-2280. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1782242145


Harvard Style

Dibaji, M. Q., Alagsam, . A. A., Mobarki, . O. A., Najmi, . A. Y., Muzaiiadi, . S. Y., Basamad, . A. K., Jahlan, . R. A., Arishi, . R. A., Ayoub, . R. A., Alhazmi, . O. A., Alshehri, . A. F., Bukhari, . M. M., Alshammari, . M. A., Jathmi, . A. S. & Alaithan, . A. A. (2026) Determinants of patient satisfaction following refractive surgery: a multivariable analysis of ocular surface symptoms and patients’ psychological and demographic profiles. IJMDC, 10 (8), 2267-2280. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1782242145


Turabian Style

Dibaji, Mohammed Q., Abdulaziz Ali Alagsam, Osama Ahmed Mobarki, Ahmed Y. Najmi, Seba Yahia Muzaiiadi, Abdulgader Khaled Basamad, Riyadh A. Jahlan, Revan Abdulrahman Arishi, Raum Abdu Ayoub, Osama A. Alhazmi, Abdulrahman F. Alshehri, Mustafa M. Bukhari, Mutaz Atwan Alshammari, Abdulrahman Salman Jathmi, and Ali Ameen Alaithan. 2026. Determinants of patient satisfaction following refractive surgery: a multivariable analysis of ocular surface symptoms and patients’ psychological and demographic profiles. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 10 (8), 2267-2280. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1782242145


Chicago Style

Dibaji, Mohammed Q., Abdulaziz Ali Alagsam, Osama Ahmed Mobarki, Ahmed Y. Najmi, Seba Yahia Muzaiiadi, Abdulgader Khaled Basamad, Riyadh A. Jahlan, Revan Abdulrahman Arishi, Raum Abdu Ayoub, Osama A. Alhazmi, Abdulrahman F. Alshehri, Mustafa M. Bukhari, Mutaz Atwan Alshammari, Abdulrahman Salman Jathmi, and Ali Ameen Alaithan. "Determinants of patient satisfaction following refractive surgery: a multivariable analysis of ocular surface symptoms and patients’ psychological and demographic profiles." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 10 (2026), 2267-2280. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1782242145


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Dibaji, Mohammed Q., Abdulaziz Ali Alagsam, Osama Ahmed Mobarki, Ahmed Y. Najmi, Seba Yahia Muzaiiadi, Abdulgader Khaled Basamad, Riyadh A. Jahlan, Revan Abdulrahman Arishi, Raum Abdu Ayoub, Osama A. Alhazmi, Abdulrahman F. Alshehri, Mustafa M. Bukhari, Mutaz Atwan Alshammari, Abdulrahman Salman Jathmi, and Ali Ameen Alaithan. "Determinants of patient satisfaction following refractive surgery: a multivariable analysis of ocular surface symptoms and patients’ psychological and demographic profiles." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 10.8 (2026), 2267-2280. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1782242145


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Dibaji, M. Q., Alagsam, . A. A., Mobarki, . O. A., Najmi, . A. Y., Muzaiiadi, . S. Y., Basamad, . A. K., Jahlan, . R. A., Arishi, . R. A., Ayoub, . R. A., Alhazmi, . O. A., Alshehri, . A. F., Bukhari, . M. M., Alshammari, . M. A., Jathmi, . A. S. & Alaithan, . A. A. (2026) Determinants of patient satisfaction following refractive surgery: a multivariable analysis of ocular surface symptoms and patients’ psychological and demographic profiles. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 10 (8), 2267-2280. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1782242145




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