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2026, Vol: 10, Issue: 6
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Original Article
Online Published: 07 May 2026
 


Quality of sleep among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Qassim region: a cross-sectional study

Abdullah N. Al-qifari, Sultan S. Alruqaie, Faisal A. Al-harbi, Ziyad A. Alsweed, Hameed K. Alanazi, Turki Awadh Almutairi, Omer A. Assaigal, Mohammed H. Alhasson, Hana N. Alqifari.


Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the sleep quality of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and identify risk variables.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Diabetes and Endocrinology Center on type 2 DM patients. A questionnaire was used to collect patient demographics data, with a response rate of 48.64%. The laboratory data were collected from the medical records of the patient’s last visit to the clinic. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess the sleep quality of patients.
Results: Among the 179 patients studied, 53.6% were female, 87.2% were married, 63.7% were aged 46-60 years, and 39.7% had a diabetes duration exceeding 10 years. The mean PSQI score was 10.15 ± 2.8, with 97.8% of participants reporting poor sleep quality. No significant correlations were observed between sleep quality and demographic variables or diabetes duration. Similarly, sleep quality and PSQI scores were not significantly associated with HbA1c, vitamin D, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or triglycerides.
Conclusion: Poor sleep quality was found to be linked to a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes. It is critical to identify and treat sleep disturbances in people with diabetes. Larger sample sizes and longitudinal study designs are required to find a more meaningful and significant association.

Key words: quality of sleep, type 2 diabetes mellitus, Qassim, T2DM, Saudi Arabia


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Al-qifari AN, Alruqaie SS, Al-harbi FA, Alsweed ZA, Alanazi HK, Almutairi TA, Assaigal OA, Alhasson MH, Alqifari HN. Quality of sleep among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Qassim region: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC. 2026; 10(6): 1532-1538. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1772828871

Web Style

Al-qifari AN, Alruqaie SS, Al-harbi FA, Alsweed ZA, Alanazi HK, Almutairi TA, Assaigal OA, Alhasson MH, Alqifari HN. Quality of sleep among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Qassim region: a cross-sectional study. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=312959 [Access: June 30, 2026]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1772828871

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Al-qifari AN, Alruqaie SS, Al-harbi FA, Alsweed ZA, Alanazi HK, Almutairi TA, Assaigal OA, Alhasson MH, Alqifari HN. Quality of sleep among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Qassim region: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC. 2026; 10(6): 1532-1538. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1772828871


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Al-qifari AN, Alruqaie SS, Al-harbi FA, Alsweed ZA, Alanazi HK, Almutairi TA, Assaigal OA, Alhasson MH, Alqifari HN. Quality of sleep among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Qassim region: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC. (2026), [cited June 30, 2026]; 10(6): 1532-1538. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1772828871


Harvard Style

Al-qifari, A. N., Alruqaie, . S. S., Al-harbi, . F. A., Alsweed, . Z. A., Alanazi, . H. K., Almutairi, . T. A., Assaigal, . O. A., Alhasson, . M. H. & Alqifari, . H. N. (2026) Quality of sleep among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Qassim region: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC, 10 (6), 1532-1538. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1772828871


Turabian Style

Al-qifari, Abdullah N., Sultan S. Alruqaie, Faisal A. Al-harbi, Ziyad A. Alsweed, Hameed K. Alanazi, Turki Awadh Almutairi, Omer A. Assaigal, Mohammed H. Alhasson, and Hana N. Alqifari. 2026. Quality of sleep among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Qassim region: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 10 (6), 1532-1538. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1772828871


Chicago Style

Al-qifari, Abdullah N., Sultan S. Alruqaie, Faisal A. Al-harbi, Ziyad A. Alsweed, Hameed K. Alanazi, Turki Awadh Almutairi, Omer A. Assaigal, Mohammed H. Alhasson, and Hana N. Alqifari. "Quality of sleep among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Qassim region: a cross-sectional study." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 10 (2026), 1532-1538. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1772828871


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Al-qifari, Abdullah N., Sultan S. Alruqaie, Faisal A. Al-harbi, Ziyad A. Alsweed, Hameed K. Alanazi, Turki Awadh Almutairi, Omer A. Assaigal, Mohammed H. Alhasson, and Hana N. Alqifari. "Quality of sleep among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Qassim region: a cross-sectional study." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 10.6 (2026), 1532-1538. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1772828871


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Al-qifari, A. N., Alruqaie, . S. S., Al-harbi, . F. A., Alsweed, . Z. A., Alanazi, . H. K., Almutairi, . T. A., Assaigal, . O. A., Alhasson, . M. H. & Alqifari, . H. N. (2026) Quality of sleep among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Qassim region: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 10 (6), 1532-1538. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1772828871




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