COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy and psychological health among general population in Saudi Arabia

Afnan Ahmed Alwabili; Hana Salem Almuhanna; Maryam Hameed Alenezi; Sarah Abdulrhman Alarfaj; Yara Hamad Almohimeed; Rayan Mohammed Aloufi

doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1670264098

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Original Article

Online Publishing Date:
29 / 12 / 2022

IJMDC. 2023; 7(3): 449-457

doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1670264098

COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy and psychological health among general population in Saudi Arabia

Afnan Ahmed Alwabili, Hana Salem Almuhanna, Maryam Hameed Alenezi, Sarah Abdulrhman Alarfaj, Yara Hamad Almohimeed, Rayan Mohammed Aloufi.

Abstract
Background: In 2019, World Health Organization considered COVID-19 vaccination a global health threat. Vaccine hesitancy is a behavior with delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccines despite available services. The psychological well-being of the individuals, such as anxiety or depression, could also affect their acceptability of the new vaccine. The present study aimed at evaluating COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy and psychological health among the general population in Saudi Arabia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study using a self-administered online, close-ended questionnaire was conducted among the general adult population from all regions of Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire included sociodemographic data, the 5C tool to measure vaccination hesitancy, patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7). Data were collected, tabulated, and analyzed using the Statistical Package of Social Science program, version 26.
Results: In this study, we collected data from 2,543 adults in Saudi Arabia, where 53% were males. According to PHQ-9, we found that 68.7% of the participants reported a degree of depression, and GAD-5 showed that 27.2% had mild anxiety, 19.5% had moderate anxiety, and 6.8% had severe anxiety symptoms. The mean confidence constraints, complacency, calculation, and responsibility scores among the participants were 4.91, 3.07, 3.34, 509, and 5.14.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed moderate to good acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccination among individuals in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, this study reported a significant relationship between depression/anxiety and vaccination hesitancy.

Key words: COVID-19, vaccination, depression, anxiety, hesitancy.

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How to Cite this Article

Pubmed Style

Alwabili AA, Almuhanna HS, Alenezi MH, Alarfaj SA, Almohimeed YH, Aloufi RM. COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy and psychological health among general population in Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. 2023; 7(3): 449-457. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1670264098

Web Style

Alwabili AA, Almuhanna HS, Alenezi MH, Alarfaj SA, Almohimeed YH, Aloufi RM. COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy and psychological health among general population in Saudi Arabia. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=83567 [Access: March 26, 2024]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1670264098

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Alwabili AA, Almuhanna HS, Alenezi MH, Alarfaj SA, Almohimeed YH, Aloufi RM. COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy and psychological health among general population in Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. 2023; 7(3): 449-457. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1670264098

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Alwabili AA, Almuhanna HS, Alenezi MH, Alarfaj SA, Almohimeed YH, Aloufi RM. COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy and psychological health among general population in Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. (2023), [cited March 26, 2024]; 7(3): 449-457. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1670264098

Harvard Style

Alwabili, A. A., Almuhanna, . H. S., Alenezi, . M. H., Alarfaj, . S. A., Almohimeed, . Y. H. & Aloufi, . R. M. (2023) COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy and psychological health among general population in Saudi Arabia. IJMDC, 7 (3), 449-457. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1670264098

Turabian Style

Alwabili, Afnan Ahmed, Hana Salem Almuhanna, Maryam Hameed Alenezi, Sarah Abdulrhman Alarfaj, Yara Hamad Almohimeed, and Rayan Mohammed Aloufi. 2023. COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy and psychological health among general population in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 7 (3), 449-457. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1670264098

Chicago Style

Alwabili, Afnan Ahmed, Hana Salem Almuhanna, Maryam Hameed Alenezi, Sarah Abdulrhman Alarfaj, Yara Hamad Almohimeed, and Rayan Mohammed Aloufi. "COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy and psychological health among general population in Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 7 (2023), 449-457. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1670264098

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Alwabili, A. A., Almuhanna, . H. S., Alenezi, . M. H., Alarfaj, . S. A., Almohimeed, . Y. H. & Aloufi, . R. M. (2023) COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy and psychological health among general population in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 7 (3), 449-457. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1670264098

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