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Original Article
Online Published: 12 Aug 2026
 


Knowledge and attitude toward strabismus: a cross-sectional study in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Jana J. Almatrafi, Nawaf E. Alahmadi, Mustafa M. Alkishan, Teef T. Alabdali, Raghad A. Selate, Manar M. Aldajani, Fahad A. Alsaeedi, Abdullah A. Alghamdi.


Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to assess knowledge and attitude toward strabismus among adults in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Methods: A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among adult residents (≥18 years) of Makkah City. A self-administered electronic questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data, personal and family history of strabismus, and knowledge regarding the condition. A minimum sample size of 385 participants was calculated. Knowledge scores were categorized using a 60% cutoff to classify participants as having good or poor awareness.
Results: Overall, 70.8% of participants demonstrated poor knowledge of strabismus. Although 76.5% correctly identified strabismus as eye deviation and 63.3% recognized that it is treatable, awareness of treatment options was limited: surgery (36.5%), corrective lenses (36%), and patching (20%). Family history was identified as a risk factor by 55.7% of participants. No statistically significant association was found between knowledge level and age, gender, education, or personal or family history of strabismus (p-values>0.05).
Conclusion: In Makkah city, there was a lack of public knowledge of strabismus, especially in relation to treatment choices. Even afflicted people and their relatives might not get enough information, as no correlation was found between knowledge and past exposure to illness. These results emphasized the necessity of focused public health education initiatives to encourage early detection and lower the incidence of visual impairment.

Key words: Knowledge, attitude, strabismus, cross-sectional, Makkah, Saudi Arabia


 
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Pubmed Style

Almatrafi JJ, Alahmadi NE, Alkishan MM, Alabdali TT, Selate RA, Aldajani MM, Alsaeedi FA, Alghamdi AA. Knowledge and attitude toward strabismus: a cross-sectional study in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. 2026; 10(8): 2320-2327. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1783281359

Web Style

Almatrafi JJ, Alahmadi NE, Alkishan MM, Alabdali TT, Selate RA, Aldajani MM, Alsaeedi FA, Alghamdi AA. Knowledge and attitude toward strabismus: a cross-sectional study in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=326780 [Access: August 25, 2026]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1783281359

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Almatrafi JJ, Alahmadi NE, Alkishan MM, Alabdali TT, Selate RA, Aldajani MM, Alsaeedi FA, Alghamdi AA. Knowledge and attitude toward strabismus: a cross-sectional study in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. 2026; 10(8): 2320-2327. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1783281359


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Almatrafi JJ, Alahmadi NE, Alkishan MM, Alabdali TT, Selate RA, Aldajani MM, Alsaeedi FA, Alghamdi AA. Knowledge and attitude toward strabismus: a cross-sectional study in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. (2026), [cited August 25, 2026]; 10(8): 2320-2327. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1783281359


Harvard Style

Almatrafi, J. J., Alahmadi, . N. E., Alkishan, . M. M., Alabdali, . T. T., Selate, . R. A., Aldajani, . M. M., Alsaeedi, . F. A. & Alghamdi, . A. A. (2026) Knowledge and attitude toward strabismus: a cross-sectional study in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC, 10 (8), 2320-2327. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1783281359


Turabian Style

Almatrafi, Jana J., Nawaf E. Alahmadi, Mustafa M. Alkishan, Teef T. Alabdali, Raghad A. Selate, Manar M. Aldajani, Fahad A. Alsaeedi, and Abdullah A. Alghamdi. 2026. Knowledge and attitude toward strabismus: a cross-sectional study in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 10 (8), 2320-2327. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1783281359


Chicago Style

Almatrafi, Jana J., Nawaf E. Alahmadi, Mustafa M. Alkishan, Teef T. Alabdali, Raghad A. Selate, Manar M. Aldajani, Fahad A. Alsaeedi, and Abdullah A. Alghamdi. "Knowledge and attitude toward strabismus: a cross-sectional study in Makkah, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 10 (2026), 2320-2327. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1783281359


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Almatrafi, Jana J., Nawaf E. Alahmadi, Mustafa M. Alkishan, Teef T. Alabdali, Raghad A. Selate, Manar M. Aldajani, Fahad A. Alsaeedi, and Abdullah A. Alghamdi. "Knowledge and attitude toward strabismus: a cross-sectional study in Makkah, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 10.8 (2026), 2320-2327. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1783281359


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Almatrafi, J. J., Alahmadi, . N. E., Alkishan, . M. M., Alabdali, . T. T., Selate, . R. A., Aldajani, . M. M., Alsaeedi, . F. A. & Alghamdi, . A. A. (2026) Knowledge and attitude toward strabismus: a cross-sectional study in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 10 (8), 2320-2327. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1783281359




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