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2026, Vol: 10, Issue: 8
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Original Article
Online Published: 15 Jul 2026
 


Impact of tuberculosis awareness on acceptance of prophylactic therapy and the moderating role of tuberculosis-related stigma among the general population of Makkah city, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

Khalid Sultan Alrougi, Hana Talea Alomayri, Muhannad Abdulaziz Alahmadi, Abdulmajeed Awadh Almutaani, Layan Zahid Sharalahi, Ahmed Ali Ahmed Alzahrani, Sara Zain Alessa, Retaj Ghazi Alghamdi, Wasan Adel Omar Bajhzar, Mohammad Alkot.


Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to assess the level of tuberculosis (TB) awareness and the acceptance of tuberculosis prophylactic treatment among the general population in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 475 participants in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics, TB knowledge, stig ma-related attitudes, and willingness to accept latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) preventive therapy.
Results: Most participants were female (352; 74.1%) and aged 18-30 years (259; 54.5%). Although 334 (70.3%) correctly identified airborne transmission, misconceptions persisted, including transmission via blood (137; 28.8%) and utensils (134; 28.2%). Knowledge of LTBI was low, with 286 (60.2%) unaware and 262 (55.2%) unable to identify its asymptomatic nature. Awareness of TB policies (336; 70.7%) and drug side effects (299; 62.9%) was also limited. Stigmatizing attitudes were common, with 392 (82.5%) maintaining distance from TB patients. Despite these gaps, willingness to accept preventive therapy was high (452; 95.2%). Acceptance was significantly associated with female gender (p-value = 0.014), profession (p-value = 0.007), marital status (p-value= 0.044), policy awareness (p-value < 0.001), TB curability (p-value = 0.028), and awareness of drug side effects (p-value = 0.004). Higher avoidance-related stigma was also associated with greater acceptance.
Conclusion: TB knowledge among the general population was fragmented, with persistent misconceptions and stigma; however, acceptance of preventive therapy was notably high. Strengthening targeted education and leveraging high acceptance might enhance TB control efforts.

Key words: Impact, tuberculosis awareness, prophylactic therapy, tuberculosis-related stigma, general population, Saudi Arabia


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Alrougi KS, Alomayri HT, Alahmadi MA, Almutaani AA, Sharalahi LZ, Alzahrani AAA, Alessa SZ, Alghamdi RG, Bajhzar WAO, Alkot M. Impact of tuberculosis awareness on acceptance of prophylactic therapy and the moderating role of tuberculosis-related stigma among the general population of Makkah city, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC. 2026; 10(8): 2228-2237. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1780074705

Web Style

Alrougi KS, Alomayri HT, Alahmadi MA, Almutaani AA, Sharalahi LZ, Alzahrani AAA, Alessa SZ, Alghamdi RG, Bajhzar WAO, Alkot M. Impact of tuberculosis awareness on acceptance of prophylactic therapy and the moderating role of tuberculosis-related stigma among the general population of Makkah city, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=322598 [Access: August 25, 2026]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1780074705

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Alrougi KS, Alomayri HT, Alahmadi MA, Almutaani AA, Sharalahi LZ, Alzahrani AAA, Alessa SZ, Alghamdi RG, Bajhzar WAO, Alkot M. Impact of tuberculosis awareness on acceptance of prophylactic therapy and the moderating role of tuberculosis-related stigma among the general population of Makkah city, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC. 2026; 10(8): 2228-2237. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1780074705


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Alrougi KS, Alomayri HT, Alahmadi MA, Almutaani AA, Sharalahi LZ, Alzahrani AAA, Alessa SZ, Alghamdi RG, Bajhzar WAO, Alkot M. Impact of tuberculosis awareness on acceptance of prophylactic therapy and the moderating role of tuberculosis-related stigma among the general population of Makkah city, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC. (2026), [cited August 25, 2026]; 10(8): 2228-2237. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1780074705


Harvard Style

Alrougi, K. S., Alomayri, . H. T., Alahmadi, . M. A., Almutaani, . A. A., Sharalahi, . L. Z., Alzahrani, . A. A. A., Alessa, . S. Z., Alghamdi, . R. G., Bajhzar, . W. A. O. & Alkot, . M. (2026) Impact of tuberculosis awareness on acceptance of prophylactic therapy and the moderating role of tuberculosis-related stigma among the general population of Makkah city, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC, 10 (8), 2228-2237. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1780074705


Turabian Style

Alrougi, Khalid Sultan, Hana Talea Alomayri, Muhannad Abdulaziz Alahmadi, Abdulmajeed Awadh Almutaani, Layan Zahid Sharalahi, Ahmed Ali Ahmed Alzahrani, Sara Zain Alessa, Retaj Ghazi Alghamdi, Wasan Adel Omar Bajhzar, and Mohammad Alkot. 2026. Impact of tuberculosis awareness on acceptance of prophylactic therapy and the moderating role of tuberculosis-related stigma among the general population of Makkah city, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 10 (8), 2228-2237. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1780074705


Chicago Style

Alrougi, Khalid Sultan, Hana Talea Alomayri, Muhannad Abdulaziz Alahmadi, Abdulmajeed Awadh Almutaani, Layan Zahid Sharalahi, Ahmed Ali Ahmed Alzahrani, Sara Zain Alessa, Retaj Ghazi Alghamdi, Wasan Adel Omar Bajhzar, and Mohammad Alkot. "Impact of tuberculosis awareness on acceptance of prophylactic therapy and the moderating role of tuberculosis-related stigma among the general population of Makkah city, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 10 (2026), 2228-2237. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1780074705


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Alrougi, Khalid Sultan, Hana Talea Alomayri, Muhannad Abdulaziz Alahmadi, Abdulmajeed Awadh Almutaani, Layan Zahid Sharalahi, Ahmed Ali Ahmed Alzahrani, Sara Zain Alessa, Retaj Ghazi Alghamdi, Wasan Adel Omar Bajhzar, and Mohammad Alkot. "Impact of tuberculosis awareness on acceptance of prophylactic therapy and the moderating role of tuberculosis-related stigma among the general population of Makkah city, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 10.8 (2026), 2228-2237. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1780074705


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Alrougi, K. S., Alomayri, . H. T., Alahmadi, . M. A., Almutaani, . A. A., Sharalahi, . L. Z., Alzahrani, . A. A. A., Alessa, . S. Z., Alghamdi, . R. G., Bajhzar, . W. A. O. & Alkot, . M. (2026) Impact of tuberculosis awareness on acceptance of prophylactic therapy and the moderating role of tuberculosis-related stigma among the general population of Makkah city, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 10 (8), 2228-2237. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1780074705




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