The prevalence of shoulder pain and awareness of frozen shoulder among the general population in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia

Khalid Alrougi; Ayman Alghamdi; Ghassan Binyaseen; Rifan Alhijaili; Abdulrahman Khoj; Mustafa Madani; Mohammed Alandijani; Sulaiman Alhashimi; Talal Shabana; Mohammad Alkot

doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1778245291

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Original Article
Online Published: 19 Jul 2026

IJMDC. 2026; 10(8): 2137-2146

doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1778245291

The prevalence of shoulder pain and awareness of frozen shoulder among the general population in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia

Khalid Alrougi, Ayman Alghamdi, Ghassan Binyaseen, Rifan Alhijaili, Abdulrahman Khoj, Mustafa Madani, Mohammed Alandijani, Sulaiman Alhashimi, Talal Shabana, Mohammad Alkot.

Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of shoulder pain, assess awareness of frozen shoulder, and identify associated demographic, lifestyle, and clinical factors among adults in Makkah city.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 519 adults in Makkah city using a structured questionnaire. Data collected included sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, medical history, awareness of frozen shoulder, and the presence of shoulder pain.
Results: A total of 519 participants were included in the study. The majority were aged 16-24 years (288; 55.5%), and males constituted 310 (59.7%) of the sample. Most participants reported a monthly income of < 6000 SAR (313; 60.3%), while 381 (73.4%) were employed. Shoulder pain was reported by 181 participants (34.9%). Nearly half of the participants, 249 (48.0%), had heard of frozen shoulder. Significant associations with shoulder pain were observed for age (χ² = 35.21, p-value < 0.001), gender (χ² = 4.36, p-value = 0.037), monthly income (χ² = 7.72, p-value = 0.021), educational level (χ² = 20.39, p-value < 0.001), diabetes (χ² = 12.94, p-value < 0.001), and chronic illness (χ² = 9.99, p-value = 0.002).
Conclusion: Shoulder pain was relatively common among adults in Makkah, and awareness of frozen shoulder was only moderate. These findings highlighted the importance of improving public knowledge regarding frozen shoulder, its symptoms, and associated risk factors. Increasing awareness might support earlier recognition of shoulder pain and frozen shoulder, encourage timely medical consultation, and contribute to better prevention and management of shoulder-related conditions in the community.

Key words: Shoulder pain, frozen shoulder, musculoskeletal disorders, prevalence, awareness, Saudi Arabia

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Pubmed Style

Alrougi K, Alghamdi A, Binyaseen G, Alhijaili R, Khoj A, Madani M, Alandijani M, Alhashimi S, Shabana T, Alkot M. The prevalence of shoulder pain and awareness of frozen shoulder among the general population in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. 2026; 10(8): 2137-2146. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1778245291

Web Style

Alrougi K, Alghamdi A, Binyaseen G, Alhijaili R, Khoj A, Madani M, Alandijani M, Alhashimi S, Shabana T, Alkot M. The prevalence of shoulder pain and awareness of frozen shoulder among the general population in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=320230 [Access: August 25, 2026]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1778245291

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Alrougi K, Alghamdi A, Binyaseen G, Alhijaili R, Khoj A, Madani M, Alandijani M, Alhashimi S, Shabana T, Alkot M. The prevalence of shoulder pain and awareness of frozen shoulder among the general population in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. 2026; 10(8): 2137-2146. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1778245291

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Alrougi K, Alghamdi A, Binyaseen G, Alhijaili R, Khoj A, Madani M, Alandijani M, Alhashimi S, Shabana T, Alkot M. The prevalence of shoulder pain and awareness of frozen shoulder among the general population in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. (2026), [cited August 25, 2026]; 10(8): 2137-2146. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1778245291

Harvard Style

Alrougi, K., Alghamdi, . A., Binyaseen, . G., Alhijaili, . R., Khoj, . A., Madani, . M., Alandijani, . M., Alhashimi, . S., Shabana, . T. & Alkot, . M. (2026) The prevalence of shoulder pain and awareness of frozen shoulder among the general population in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC, 10 (8), 2137-2146. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1778245291

Turabian Style

Alrougi, Khalid, Ayman Alghamdi, Ghassan Binyaseen, Rifan Alhijaili, Abdulrahman Khoj, Mustafa Madani, Mohammed Alandijani, Sulaiman Alhashimi, Talal Shabana, and Mohammad Alkot. 2026. The prevalence of shoulder pain and awareness of frozen shoulder among the general population in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 10 (8), 2137-2146. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1778245291

Chicago Style

Alrougi, Khalid, Ayman Alghamdi, Ghassan Binyaseen, Rifan Alhijaili, Abdulrahman Khoj, Mustafa Madani, Mohammed Alandijani, Sulaiman Alhashimi, Talal Shabana, and Mohammad Alkot. "The prevalence of shoulder pain and awareness of frozen shoulder among the general population in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 10 (2026), 2137-2146. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1778245291

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Alrougi, Khalid, Ayman Alghamdi, Ghassan Binyaseen, Rifan Alhijaili, Abdulrahman Khoj, Mustafa Madani, Mohammed Alandijani, Sulaiman Alhashimi, Talal Shabana, and Mohammad Alkot. "The prevalence of shoulder pain and awareness of frozen shoulder among the general population in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 10.8 (2026), 2137-2146. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1778245291

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Alrougi, K., Alghamdi, . A., Binyaseen, . G., Alhijaili, . R., Khoj, . A., Madani, . M., Alandijani, . M., Alhashimi, . S., Shabana, . T. & Alkot, . M. (2026) The prevalence of shoulder pain and awareness of frozen shoulder among the general population in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 10 (8), 2137-2146. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1778245291

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