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2026, Vol: 10, Issue: 6
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Review Article
Online Published: 08 Apr 2026
 


Association between irritable bowel syndrome and Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review

Naif H. Ali, Abdulrahman Mohammed M. Al Yassain, Ahmed Mohseen Y. Al Rashah, Ali Mohammed Ahmed Al Murthimah, Mohammed Hadi S. Al Baalharith, Alhassan Abdullah B. Almakrami, Hamza Abdullah Alalhareth, Ali Ibrahim Alquraisha, Hussain Ahmed S. Al-rashah, Saeed Muhamad Balhareth.


Abstract
The gut-brain axis is involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Although constipation is one of the identified prodromal characteristics, it is unclear whether Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and PD are connected or not. The objective of this study is to review the existing evidence of the relationship between IBS and PD. The systematic search of the studies published between January 2021 and January 2026 was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science following Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Only the observational studies that explored the relationship between IBS-PD and adults were incorporated. Two reviewers independently carried out data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment (with the help of Risk of bias in non-randomized studies - the ROBINS-I). The study was heterogeneous, and a narrative synthesis was performed. Six studies were taken into consideration. The longitudinal studies have had some contradictory results on IBS as a risk factor of PD in some of the registry studies, but a large cohort study of 7,008 participants with Mendelian randomization did not find a cause-and-effect relationship. IBS was also quite common in established PD as compared to controls (18.1% vs. 5%) and had a higher prevalence of non-motor symptoms (NMS), notably mood disorders than motor severity. A single imaging study associated IBS in PD with increased dopamine transporter binding of the right anterior putamen. IBS is another frequent comorbidity in the case of established PD, which is associated with particular NMS and unique dopaminergic profiles. Recent findings indicate the possibility of IBS being an early clinical indicator in the PD prodrome, indicating the implication of the enteric nervous system involvement but not being an etiological risk factor.

Key words: Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Parkinson Disease; Gut-Brain Axis; Systematic Review; Prodromal Symptoms; Non-Motor Symptoms; Risk Factors


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Ali NH, Yassain AMMA, Rashah AMYA, Murthimah AMAA, Baalharith MHSA, Almakrami AAB, Alalhareth HA, Alquraisha AI, Al-rashah HAS, Balhareth SM. Association between irritable bowel syndrome and Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review. IJMDC. 2026; 10(5): 1428-1435. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1770903341

Web Style

Ali NH, Yassain AMMA, Rashah AMYA, Murthimah AMAA, Baalharith MHSA, Almakrami AAB, Alalhareth HA, Alquraisha AI, Al-rashah HAS, Balhareth SM. Association between irritable bowel syndrome and Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=310279 [Access: May 07, 2026]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1770903341

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Ali NH, Yassain AMMA, Rashah AMYA, Murthimah AMAA, Baalharith MHSA, Almakrami AAB, Alalhareth HA, Alquraisha AI, Al-rashah HAS, Balhareth SM. Association between irritable bowel syndrome and Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review. IJMDC. 2026; 10(5): 1428-1435. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1770903341


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Ali NH, Yassain AMMA, Rashah AMYA, Murthimah AMAA, Baalharith MHSA, Almakrami AAB, Alalhareth HA, Alquraisha AI, Al-rashah HAS, Balhareth SM. Association between irritable bowel syndrome and Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review. IJMDC. (2026), [cited May 07, 2026]; 10(5): 1428-1435. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1770903341


Harvard Style

Ali, N. H., Yassain, . A. M. M. A., Rashah, . A. M. Y. A., Murthimah, . A. M. A. A., Baalharith, . M. H. S. A., Almakrami, . A. A. B., Alalhareth, . H. A., Alquraisha, . A. I., Al-rashah, . H. A. S. & Balhareth, . S. M. (2026) Association between irritable bowel syndrome and Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review. IJMDC, 10 (5), 1428-1435. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1770903341


Turabian Style

Ali, Naif H., Abdulrahman Mohammed M. Al Yassain, Ahmed Mohseen Y. Al Rashah, Ali Mohammed Ahmed Al Murthimah, Mohammed Hadi S. Al Baalharith, Alhassan Abdullah B. Almakrami, Hamza Abdullah Alalhareth, Ali Ibrahim Alquraisha, Hussain Ahmed S. Al-rashah, and Saeed Muhamad Balhareth. 2026. Association between irritable bowel syndrome and Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 10 (5), 1428-1435. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1770903341


Chicago Style

Ali, Naif H., Abdulrahman Mohammed M. Al Yassain, Ahmed Mohseen Y. Al Rashah, Ali Mohammed Ahmed Al Murthimah, Mohammed Hadi S. Al Baalharith, Alhassan Abdullah B. Almakrami, Hamza Abdullah Alalhareth, Ali Ibrahim Alquraisha, Hussain Ahmed S. Al-rashah, and Saeed Muhamad Balhareth. "Association between irritable bowel syndrome and Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 10 (2026), 1428-1435. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1770903341


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Ali, Naif H., Abdulrahman Mohammed M. Al Yassain, Ahmed Mohseen Y. Al Rashah, Ali Mohammed Ahmed Al Murthimah, Mohammed Hadi S. Al Baalharith, Alhassan Abdullah B. Almakrami, Hamza Abdullah Alalhareth, Ali Ibrahim Alquraisha, Hussain Ahmed S. Al-rashah, and Saeed Muhamad Balhareth. "Association between irritable bowel syndrome and Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 10.5 (2026), 1428-1435. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1770903341


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Ali, N. H., Yassain, . A. M. M. A., Rashah, . A. M. Y. A., Murthimah, . A. M. A. A., Baalharith, . M. H. S. A., Almakrami, . A. A. B., Alalhareth, . H. A., Alquraisha, . A. I., Al-rashah, . H. A. S. & Balhareth, . S. M. (2026) Association between irritable bowel syndrome and Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 10 (5), 1428-1435. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1770903341




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