The prevalence of extra esophageal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease in overweight and obese patients at King Abdulaziz University Hospital

Khaled A. Yaghmour; Atheer Dhaifallah Alzahrani; Kholoud Abdullah Alsaiari; Sarah Saad Aseeri; Eman Saddig Jastanieh; Esraa Omar Aqeeli; Alaa Abdulmonem Alsaegh; Hadel Hamed Abdulaziz; Amal Kraiem Alshammari; Aseel Hamed Abdulaziz

doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1758952839

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Original Article
Online Published: 22 Nov 2025

IJMDC. 2025; 9(10): 2408-2415

doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1758952839

The prevalence of extra esophageal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease in overweight and obese patients at King Abdulaziz University Hospital

Khaled A. Yaghmour, Atheer Dhaifallah Alzahrani, Kholoud Abdullah Alsaiari, Sarah Saad Aseeri, Eman Saddig Jastanieh, Esraa Omar Aqeeli, Alaa Abdulmonem Alsaegh, Hadel Hamed Abdulaziz, Amal Kraiem Alshammari, Aseel Hamed Abdulaziz.

Abstract
Objective:
This study aimed to determine the extraesophageal symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) among overweight and obese patients.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was performed at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), Jeddah. Adult patients with a confirmed diagnosis of GERD and a body mass index (BMI) of 25 kg/m2 or higher were included. Using systematic random sampling, every fourth patient’s file was selected, and participants were contacted through phone calls or text messages to complete a structured questionnaire. The tool assessed frequency and intensity of common extraesophageal symptoms using a 6-point Likert scale (0–5), where higher scores indicated greater frequency or severity.
Results:
A total of 434 participants were enrolled. Sleep disturbance was the most frequently reported daily symptom, affecting 13.1% of participants, with the highest mean of a non-validated questionnaire score (XQS) of 1.6 (1.8). Nausea was the second most frequent symptom (12.4%) with a mean score of 1.57 (1.73). Wheezing was the least reported (3.5%) with the lowest mean score of 0.31 (0.95). Regarding intensity, nausea had the highest severity prevalence (11.1%) and mean intensity score of 1.69 (1.74), followed by sleep disturbance at 8.5% with a mean intensity score of 1.62 (1.76).
Conclusion:
Extraesophageal manifestations were frequent yet under recognized in overweight and obese GERD patients. Sleep disturbance and nausea emerged as the most prominent features, underscoring the need for clinicians to incorporate routine screening of these symptoms to improve recognition, management, and patient outcomes.

Key words: Extraesophageal manifestations, gastroesophageal reflux disease, obese, overweight, Saudi Arabia

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Pubmed Style

Yaghmour KA, Alzahrani AD, Alsaiari KA, Aseeri SS, Jastanieh ES, Aqeeli EO, Alsaegh AA, Abdulaziz HH, Alshammari AK, Abdulaziz AH. The prevalence of extra esophageal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease in overweight and obese patients at King Abdulaziz University Hospital. IJMDC. 2025; 9(10): 2408-2415. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1758952839

Web Style

Yaghmour KA, Alzahrani AD, Alsaiari KA, Aseeri SS, Jastanieh ES, Aqeeli EO, Alsaegh AA, Abdulaziz HH, Alshammari AK, Abdulaziz AH. The prevalence of extra esophageal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease in overweight and obese patients at King Abdulaziz University Hospital. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=286775 [Access: December 10, 2025]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1758952839

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Yaghmour KA, Alzahrani AD, Alsaiari KA, Aseeri SS, Jastanieh ES, Aqeeli EO, Alsaegh AA, Abdulaziz HH, Alshammari AK, Abdulaziz AH. The prevalence of extra esophageal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease in overweight and obese patients at King Abdulaziz University Hospital. IJMDC. 2025; 9(10): 2408-2415. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1758952839

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Yaghmour KA, Alzahrani AD, Alsaiari KA, Aseeri SS, Jastanieh ES, Aqeeli EO, Alsaegh AA, Abdulaziz HH, Alshammari AK, Abdulaziz AH. The prevalence of extra esophageal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease in overweight and obese patients at King Abdulaziz University Hospital. IJMDC. (2025), [cited December 10, 2025]; 9(10): 2408-2415. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1758952839

Harvard Style

Yaghmour, K. A., Alzahrani, . A. D., Alsaiari, . K. A., Aseeri, . S. S., Jastanieh, . E. S., Aqeeli, . E. O., Alsaegh, . A. A., Abdulaziz, . H. H., Alshammari, . A. K. & Abdulaziz, . A. H. (2025) The prevalence of extra esophageal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease in overweight and obese patients at King Abdulaziz University Hospital. IJMDC, 9 (10), 2408-2415. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1758952839

Turabian Style

Yaghmour, Khaled A., Atheer Dhaifallah Alzahrani, Kholoud Abdullah Alsaiari, Sarah Saad Aseeri, Eman Saddig Jastanieh, Esraa Omar Aqeeli, Alaa Abdulmonem Alsaegh, Hadel Hamed Abdulaziz, Amal Kraiem Alshammari, and Aseel Hamed Abdulaziz. 2025. The prevalence of extra esophageal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease in overweight and obese patients at King Abdulaziz University Hospital. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 9 (10), 2408-2415. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1758952839

Chicago Style

Yaghmour, Khaled A., Atheer Dhaifallah Alzahrani, Kholoud Abdullah Alsaiari, Sarah Saad Aseeri, Eman Saddig Jastanieh, Esraa Omar Aqeeli, Alaa Abdulmonem Alsaegh, Hadel Hamed Abdulaziz, Amal Kraiem Alshammari, and Aseel Hamed Abdulaziz. "The prevalence of extra esophageal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease in overweight and obese patients at King Abdulaziz University Hospital." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 9 (2025), 2408-2415. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1758952839

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Yaghmour, Khaled A., Atheer Dhaifallah Alzahrani, Kholoud Abdullah Alsaiari, Sarah Saad Aseeri, Eman Saddig Jastanieh, Esraa Omar Aqeeli, Alaa Abdulmonem Alsaegh, Hadel Hamed Abdulaziz, Amal Kraiem Alshammari, and Aseel Hamed Abdulaziz. "The prevalence of extra esophageal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease in overweight and obese patients at King Abdulaziz University Hospital." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 9.10 (2025), 2408-2415. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1758952839

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Yaghmour, K. A., Alzahrani, . A. D., Alsaiari, . K. A., Aseeri, . S. S., Jastanieh, . E. S., Aqeeli, . E. O., Alsaegh, . A. A., Abdulaziz, . H. H., Alshammari, . A. K. & Abdulaziz, . A. H. (2025) The prevalence of extra esophageal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease in overweight and obese patients at King Abdulaziz University Hospital. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 9 (10), 2408-2415. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1758952839

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